使用EnableDelayedExpansion时，变量修饰符的语法正确

MangO_O 发表于 Dev

MangO_O

我希望能够执行％〜p以仅查看文件的路径。但是在循环中使用它时，我无法获得正确的语法（使用EnableDelayedExpansion）

这是我的代码：

@echo off
set "dir1=%TMP%\opt"
set "dir2=c:\opt"
set "empty="

setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
for /f %%F in ('dir  /a:-d /s /b /r "%dir1%"') do (
  set "file_path=%%F"
  set "file_name=%%~nF"
  set "new_path=!file_path:%dir1%=%dir2%!"
  set "new_path=!new_path:!file_name!=%empty%" //This command is problematic
  echo !new_path!
)
endlocal

我有办法吗？

大卫·鲁曼

这是仅获取和替换文件路径的方法。

@echo off
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion

set "dir1=%TMP%\opt"
set "dir2=c:\opt"

pushd "%dir1%" && for /f %%F in ('dir /a:-d /b /r /s') do (
    set "file_path=%%~dpF"
    set "new_path=!file_path:%dir1%=%dir2%!"
    echo !new_path!
) & popd

endlocal
exit /b 0

说明

主要的变化是对~dp变量使用了修饰符，这使得变量仅获取完整的文件路径而没有文件名。

您对dir1替换的用法是正确的，这是因为文件名替换不好。通过使用~dp修饰符，我们可以完全跳过文件名替换部分。

该pushd只调用一次之前for循环开始设置工作目录。

演练：

将工作目录设置为 dir1
循环浏览该目录和子目录中的所有文件。
对于每个文件，仅获取文件路径，C:\Path\opt\sub而不是C:\path\opt\sub\file.ext
更换C:\path\opt用C:\opt
显示结果。
popd会将工作目录恢复到pushd。

这是for /?帮助文本中所有变量修饰符的列表。

In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced.
You can now use the following optional syntax:

%~I         - expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (")
%~fI        - expands %I to a fully qualified path name
%~dI        - expands %I to a drive letter only
%~pI        - expands %I to a path only
%~nI        - expands %I to a file name only
%~xI        - expands %I to a file extension only
%~sI        - expanded path contains short names only
%~aI        - expands %I to file attributes of file
%~tI        - expands %I to date/time of file
%~zI        - expands %I to size of file
%~$PATH:I   - searches the directories listed in the PATH
               environment variable and expands %I to the
               fully qualified name of the first one found.
               If the environment variable name is not
               defined or the file is not found by the
               search, then this modifier expands to the
               empty string

The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:

%~dpI       - expands %I to a drive letter and path only
%~nxI       - expands %I to a file name and extension only
%~fsI       - expands %I to a full path name with short names only
%~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH
               environment variable for %I and expands to the
               drive letter and path of the first one found.
%~ftzaI     - expands %I to a DIR like output line

In the above examples %I and PATH can be replaced by other valid
values.  The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name.
Picking upper case variable names like %I makes it more readable and
avoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.