如何使用 matplotlib 将半极坐标图设置为北

debugcn 发表于 Dev

朱莉娅火箭

我有一个函数（基于此：https : //gist.github.com/kanhua/fce2421c2c4eb356a9d1d9e1cb3f61fc）通过使用matplotlib.transforms.Affine2D,matplotlib.projections.PolarAxes和产生半极坐标图mpl_toolkits.axisartist。

这是我的函数的代码：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist import angle_helper
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_finder import MaxNLocator, DictFormatter
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.floating_axes import GridHelperCurveLinear, FloatingSubplot

def fractional_polar_axes(f, thlim=(-90, 90), rlim=(0, .48),step=(30, 0.12),thlabel='J-H vs J slope', rlabel='length', ticklabels=True, theta_offset=0, rlabels = None):
    '''
        Return polar axes that adhere to desired theta (in deg) and r limits. 
        steps for theta and r are really just hints for the locators.
    '''
    th0, th1 = thlim # deg
    r0, r1 = rlim
    thstep, rstep = step
    tr_rotate = Affine2D().translate(theta_offset, 0)
    # scale degrees to radians:
    tr_scale = Affine2D().scale(np.pi/180., 1.)
    pa = PolarAxes
    tr = tr_rotate + tr_scale + pa.PolarTransform()
    theta_grid_locator = angle_helper.LocatorDMS((th1-th0)//thstep)
    r_grid_locator = MaxNLocator((r1-r0)//rstep)
    theta_tick_formatter = angle_helper.FormatterDMS()
    if rlabels:
        rlabels = DictFormatter(rlabels)

    grid_helper = GridHelperCurveLinear(tr,
                                        extremes=(th0, th1, r0, r1),
                                        grid_locator1=theta_grid_locator,
                                        grid_locator2=r_grid_locator,
                                        tick_formatter1=theta_tick_formatter,
                                        tick_formatter2=rlabels)
    a = FloatingSubplot(f, 111, grid_helper=grid_helper)
    f.add_subplot(a)
    # adjust x axis (theta):
    print(a)
    a.axis["bottom"].set_visible(False)
    a.axis["top"].set_axis_direction("bottom") # tick direction
    a.axis["top"].toggle(ticklabels=ticklabels, label=bool(thlabel))
    a.axis["top"].major_ticklabels.set_axis_direction("top")
    a.axis["top"].label.set_axis_direction("top")
    a.axis["top"].major_ticklabels.set_pad(10)
    # adjust y axis (r):
    a.axis["left"].set_axis_direction("bottom") # tick direction
    a.axis["right"].set_axis_direction("top") # tick direction
    a.axis["left"].toggle(ticklabels=True, label=bool(rlabel))
    # add labels:
    a.axis["top"].label.set_text(thlabel)
    a.axis["left"].label.set_text(rlabel)
    # create a parasite axes whose transData is theta, r:
    auxa = a.get_aux_axes(tr)
    print(auxa)
    # make aux_ax to have a clip path as in a?:
    auxa.patch = a.patch 
    # this has a side effect that the patch is drawn twice, and possibly over some other
    # artists. So, we decrease the zorder a bit to prevent this:
    a.patch.zorder = -2

    # add sector lines for both dimensions:
    thticks = grid_helper.grid_info['lon_info'][0]
    rticks = grid_helper.grid_info['lat_info'][0]
    print(grid_helper.grid_info['lat_info'])
    for th in thticks[1:-1]: # all but the first and last
        auxa.plot([th, th], [r0, r1], ':', c='k', zorder=-1, lw=1.)
    for ri, r in enumerate(rticks):
        # plot first r line as axes border in solid black only if it  isn't at r=0
        if ri == 0 and r != 0:
            ls, lw, color = 'solid', 1, 'k'
        else:
            ls, lw, color = 'dashed', 0.5, 'k'
        # From http://stackoverflow.com/a/19828753/2020363
        auxa.add_artist(plt.Circle([0, 0], radius=r, ls=ls, lw=lw, color=color, 
                        fill=False,transform=auxa.transData._b, zorder=1000))

    return auxa

通过调用这样的函数：

f1 = plt.figure(facecolor='white',figsize = (5,5),dpi=100)
a1 = fractional_polar_axes(f1, thlim=(-90,90),rlim=(0, 1.4),step=(30, 0.30),
                           theta_offset=90,thlabel='J vs. J-H')

我制作了以下情节：

问题是：我想制作一个与此非常相似的极坐标图，但我希望 theta 轴从 90deg 到 -90deg（从右到左），这与我的函数当前绘制的方向相反。

有谁知道如何反转绘制 theta 的方向？

我知道matplotlib.projections.PolarAxes有一个名为theta_direction1 作为默认设置的参数，但我无法弄清楚它应该在代码中的哪个位置。

马克

您可以使用以下方法实现相同的效果：

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='polar', xlim=(-90, 90))
ax.set_theta_direction(-1) # change direction to CCW
ax.set_thetamin(-90) # set the limits
ax.set_thetamax(90)
ax.set_theta_offset(.5*np.pi) # point the origin towards the top
ax.set_thetagrids(range(-90, 120, 30)) # set the gridlines
ax.set_title('J vs. J-H', pad=-50) # add title and relocate negative value lowers the location
ax.set_xlabel('xlabel')
ax.xaxis.set_label_coords(0.5, 0.15) # change the location of the xlabel to given x, y locations w.r.t. the entire figure