如何使用 ElementTree 在 Python 中迭代 XML 标签并保存到 CSV

我改变了几件事：

• 删除了架构验证，因为我没有 XSD。你可以包括它
• 使子节点遍历动态而不是静态引用每个子节点
• 主要for loop条件改为for customer in root.findall('Customer')从for customer in root.findall('Customers/Customer')

但是，我试图保持您的程序结构，库使用完整。这是修改后的程序：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as et
import csv

tree = et.parse("../data/customers.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
headers = []
count = 0
xml_data_to_csv = open('../data/customers.csv', 'w')

csvWriter = csv.writer(xml_data_to_csv)
for customer in root.findall('Customer'):
    data = []
    for detail in customer:
        if(detail.tag == 'FullAddress'):
            for addresspart in detail:
                data.append(addresspart.text.rstrip('/n/r'))
                if(count == 0):
                    headers.append(addresspart.tag)
        else:
            data.append(detail.text.rstrip('/n/r'))
            if(count == 0):
                headers.append(detail.tag)
    if(count == 0):
        csvWriter.writerow(headers)
    csvWriter.writerow(data)
    count = count + 1

使用给定的输入XML内容，它产生：

CompanyName,ContactName,ContactTitle,Phone,Address,City,Region,PostalCode,Country
Great Lakes Food Market,Howard Snyde,Marketing Manage,(503) 555-7555,2732 Baker Blvd.,Eugene,OR,97403,USA
Hungry Coyote Import Store,Yoshi Latime,Sales Representative,(503) 555-6874,(503) 555-2376,City Center Plaza 516 Main St.,Elgi,OR,97827,USA
Lazy K Kountry Store,John Steel,Marketing Manage,(509) 555-7969,(509) 555-6221,12 Orchestra Terrace,Walla Walla,WA,99362,USA
Let's Stop N Shop,Jaime Yorres,Owne,(415) 555-5938,87 Polk St. Suite 5,San Francisco,CA,94117,USA

注意：您可以附加到一个数组并一次性写入，而不是在循环中写入 CSV。这取决于您的内容大小和性能。

更新：当您在 XML 中有客户及其订单时

XML 处理和 CSV 编写代码结构保持不变。此外，Orders处理客户时的流程要素。现在，underOrders Order元素可以像Customer. 正如你提到的，每个人Order都有ShipInfo。

假设输入 XML 为（基于下面的注释）：

<Customers>
    <Customer CustomerID="GREAL">
        <CompanyName>Great Lakes Food Market</CompanyName>
        <ContactName>Howard Snyder</ContactName>
        <ContactTitle>Marketing Manager</ContactTitle>
        <Phone>(503) 555-7555</Phone>
        <FullAddress>
            <Address>2732 Baker Blvd.</Address>
            <City>Eugene</City>
            <Region>OR</Region>
            <PostalCode>97403</PostalCode>
            <Country>USA</Country>
        </FullAddress>
        <Orders>
            <Order>
                <Param1>Value1</Param1>
                <Param2>Value2</Param2>
                <ShipInfo>
                    <ShipInfoParam1>Value3</ShipInfoParam1>
                    <ShipInfoParam2>Value4</ShipInfoParam2>
                </ShipInfo>
            </Order>
            <Order>
                <Param1>Value5</Param1>
                <Param2>Value6</Param2>
                <ShipInfo>
                    <ShipInfoParam1>Value7</ShipInfoParam1>
                    <ShipInfoParam2>Value8</ShipInfoParam2>
                </ShipInfo>
            </Order>
        </Orders>
    </Customer>
    <Customer CustomerID="HUNGC">
        <CompanyName>Hungry Coyote Import Store</CompanyName>
        <ContactName>Yoshi Latimer</ContactName>
        <ContactTitle>Sales Representative</ContactTitle>
        <Phone>(503) 555-6874</Phone>
        <Fax>(503) 555-2376</Fax>
        <FullAddress>
            <Address>City Center Plaza 516 Main St.</Address>
            <City>Elgin</City>
            <Region>OR</Region>
            <PostalCode>97827</PostalCode>
            <Country>USA</Country>
        </FullAddress>
        <Orders>
            <Order>
                <Param1>Value7</Param1>
                <Param2>Value8</Param2>
                <ShipInfo>
                    <ShipInfoParam1>Value9</ShipInfoParam1>
                    <ShipInfoParam2>Value10</ShipInfoParam2>
                </ShipInfo>
            </Order>
        </Orders>
    </Customer>
    <Customer CustomerID="LAZYK">
        <CompanyName>Lazy K Kountry Store</CompanyName>
        <ContactName>John Steel</ContactName>
        <ContactTitle>Marketing Manager</ContactTitle>
        <Phone>(509) 555-7969</Phone>
        <Fax>(509) 555-6221</Fax>
        <FullAddress>
            <Address>12 Orchestra Terrace</Address>
            <City>Walla Walla</City>
            <Region>WA</Region>
            <PostalCode>99362</PostalCode>
            <Country>USA</Country>
        </FullAddress>
    </Customer>
    <Customer CustomerID="LETSS">
        <CompanyName>Let's Stop N Shop</CompanyName>
        <ContactName>Jaime Yorres</ContactName>
        <ContactTitle>Owner</ContactTitle>
        <Phone>(415) 555-5938</Phone>
        <FullAddress>
            <Address>87 Polk St. Suite 5</Address>
            <City>San Francisco</City>
            <Region>CA</Region>
            <PostalCode>94117</PostalCode>
            <Country>USA</Country>
        </FullAddress>
    </Customer>
</Customers>

这是处理客户和订单的修改后的代码：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as et
import csv

tree = et.parse("../data/customers-with-orders.xml")
root = tree.getroot()

customer_csv = open('../data/customers-part.csv', 'w')
order_csv = open('../data/orders-part.csv', 'w')

customerCsvWriter = csv.writer(customer_csv)
orderCsvWriter = csv.writer(order_csv)

customerHeaders = []
orderHeaders = ['CustomerID']
isFirstCustomer = True
isFirstOrder = True


def processOrders(customerId):
    global isFirstOrder
    for order in detail.findall('Order'):
        orderData = [customerId]
        for orderdetail in order:
            if(orderdetail.tag == 'ShipInfo'):
                for shipinfopart in orderdetail:
                    orderData.append(shipinfopart.text.rstrip('/n/r'))
                    if(isFirstOrder):
                        orderHeaders.append(shipinfopart.tag)
            else:
                orderData.append(orderdetail.text.rstrip('/n/r'))
                if(isFirstOrder):
                    orderHeaders.append(orderdetail.tag)
        if(isFirstOrder):
            orderCsvWriter.writerow(orderHeaders)
        orderCsvWriter.writerow(orderData)
        isFirstOrder = False


for customer in root.findall('Customer'):
    customerData = []
    customerId = customer.get('CustomerID')
    for detail in customer:
        if(detail.tag == 'FullAddress'):
            for addresspart in detail:
                customerData.append(addresspart.text.rstrip('/n/r'))
                if(isFirstCustomer):
                    customerHeaders.append(addresspart.tag)
        elif(detail.tag == 'Orders'):
            processOrders(customerId)
        else:
            customerData.append(detail.text.rstrip('/n/r'))
            if(isFirstCustomer):
                customerHeaders.append(detail.tag)
    if(isFirstCustomer):
        customerCsvWriter.writerow(customerHeaders)
    customerCsvWriter.writerow(customerData)
    isFirstCustomer = False

在customers-part.csv 中产生的输出：

CompanyName,ContactName,ContactTitle,Phone,Address,City,Region,PostalCode,Country
Great Lakes Food Market,Howard Snyde,Marketing Manage,(503) 555-7555,2732 Baker Blvd.,Eugene,OR,97403,USA
Hungry Coyote Import Store,Yoshi Latime,Sales Representative,(503) 555-6874,(503) 555-2376,City Center Plaza 516 Main St.,Elgi,OR,97827,USA
Lazy K Kountry Store,John Steel,Marketing Manage,(509) 555-7969,(509) 555-6221,12 Orchestra Terrace,Walla Walla,WA,99362,USA
Let's Stop N Shop,Jaime Yorres,Owne,(415) 555-5938,87 Polk St. Suite 5,San Francisco,CA,94117,USA

在 orders-part.csv 中产生的输出：

CustomerID,Param1,Param2,ShipInfoParam1,ShipInfoParam2
GREAL,Value1,Value2,Value3,Value4
GREAL,Value5,Value6,Value7,Value8
HUNGC,Value7,Value8,Value9,Value10

注意：代码可以通过重用进一步优化。我把那部分留给你。其次，注意在每个订单中都添加了customer Id，以便区分。