Are there any available methods so that I can edit my /etc/grub.d/40_custom from a LiveCD or such? I really need to edit that file. Thank you.
Assuming the root partition of the Ubuntu installation on the hdd is sda1, mount it to /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
If the root filesystem is not on on sda1 use e.g sudo fdisk -l to find the correct identifier.
Open the file /mnt/etc/grub.d/40_custom with your favorite editor, e.g
sudo nano /mnt/etc/grub.d/40_custom
Make any changes you feel necessary. Best to make a backup beforehand.
Now you need to update Grub.
a. Mount the kernel filesystems to their appropriate places
sudo mount --rbind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --rbind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
b. Do you have a separate boot partition? If yes, mount it to /mnt/boot
c. Change root to /mnt
sudo chroot /mnt
d. Issue update-grub. This will generate a new grub.cfg and write it to /boot/grub/. (Btw, this is equivalent to grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg)
Reboot.
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