PythonでHTTP応答からデータを抽出するにはどうすればよいですか？

yahooのオートコンプリートを使おうとしていますが、それを行うためのリンクが見つかりました。これを行うために、Pythonでrequestを使用しています。正しいURLを指定し、「。get」を実行した後、応答を受け取ります。どの種類のデータが応答であるかわかりません。それはデータ、配列、JSONとは何ですか、そしてPythonのデータの種類を理解する方法ですか？この複雑な配列から単一のデータを推定するにはどうすればよいですか？たとえば、タグ「exchange」：「MIL」の後にデータを抽出する必要があります。MIL「shortname」：「MEDIOBANCA」を取得する必要があります。Mediobancaが必要です。これを行うにはどうすればよいですか。

r = requests.get(apiurl)
body=r.text

応答：

 {"explains":[],"count":6,"quotes":[{"exchange":"MIL","shortname":"MEDIOBANCA","quoteType":"EQUITY","symbol":"MB.MI","index":"quotes","score":20129.0,"typeDisp":"Equity","longname":"Mediobanca Banca di Credito Finanziario S.p.A.","isYahooFinance":true},{"exchange":"PNK","shortname":"MEDIOBANCA DI CREDITO FINANZ SP","quoteType":"EQUITY","symbol":"MDIBY","index":"quotes","score":20020.0,"typeDisp":"Equity","longname":"Mediobanca Banca di Credito Finanziario S.p.A.","isYahooFinance":true},{"exchange":"FRA","shortname":"MEDIOBCA  EO 0,50","quoteType":"EQUITY","symbol":"ME9.F","index":"quotes","score":20011.0,"typeDisp":"Equity","longname":"Mediobanca Banca di Credito Finanziario S.p.A.","isYahooFinance":true},{"exchange":"VIE","shortname":"MEDIOBANCA SPA","quoteType":"EQUITY","symbol":"MB.VI","index":"quotes","score":20001.0,"typeDisp":"Equity","longname":"Mediobanca Banca di Credito Finanziario S.p.A.","isYahooFinance":true},{"exchange":"IOB","shortname":"MEDIOBANCA BANCA DI CREDITO FIN","quoteType":"EQUITY","symbol":"0HBF.IL","index":"quotes","score":20001.0,"typeDisp":"Equity","isYahooFinance":true},{"exchange":"STU","shortname":"MEDIOBANCA - BCA CRED.FIN. SPAA","quoteType":"EQUITY","symbol":"ME9.SG","index":"quotes","score":20001.0,"typeDisp":"Equity","isYahooFinance":true}],"news":[],"nav":[],"lists":[],"researchReports":[],"totalTime":19,"timeTakenForQuotes":411,"timeTakenForNews":700,"timeTakenForAlgowatchlist":400,"timeTakenForPredefinedScreener":400,"timeTakenForCrunchbase":0,"timeTakenForNav":400,"timeTakenForResearchReports":0}

更新：

    list_a = ["mediob"]
list_b = [" ", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "v", "z",
           "ü", "ä", "ö", "y", "w", "x"] 
list_c = [f"{i} {j}" for i in list_a for j in list_b]
               
for x in list_c:
    apiurl = "https://query1.finance.yahoo.com/v1/finance/search?q="+x+"&quotesCount=6&quotesQueryId=tss_match_phrase_query&multiQuoteQueryId=multi_quote_single_token_query&enableNavLinks=true&enableEnhancedTrivialQuery=true" 
    r = requests.get(apiurl)
    data = r.json()
    shortname = data["quotes"][0]["shortname"]
    print(shortname)

それが与えるはIndexErrorを：リストインデックスを範囲外