特定のデータベースのバックアップを特定の時間に削除するにはどうすればよいですか？また、ファイルのパスも指定したくありません。誰かが私を導くことができますか？

これを試して：

DECLARE @BACKUP TABLE (database_name VARCHAR(500),backup_start_date VARCHAR(500),physical_device_name VARCHAR(500))

DECLARE @DATABASE_NAME VARCHAR(MAX),@DATE DATETIME,@BACK VARCHAR(8000)
SET @DATABASE_NAME='database name'
SET @DATE='2016-10-28 09:55:14.000'

INSERT INTO @BACKUP 
SELECT 
backupset.database_name, 
backupset.backup_start_date, 
backupmediafamily.physical_device_name
FROM msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily 
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset 
ON msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily.media_set_id = msdb.dbo.backupset.media_set_id 
WHERE backupset.database_name=@DATABASE_NAME AND backupset.backup_start_date=@DATE

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM @BACKUP)
BEGIN
    DECLARE C CURSOR FOR
    SELECT 'DEL '+PHYSICAL_DEVICE_NAME FROM @BACKUP
    OPEN C
    FETCH NEXT FROM C INTO @BACK
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
    BEGIN
    EXEC XP_CMDSHELL @BACK
    FETCH NEXT FROM C INTO @BACK
    END
    CLOSE C
    DEALLOCATE C

END

ELSE
PRINT 'THE BACKUP FOR '+@DATABASE_NAME+' AT '+cast(@DATE as varchar(200))+' DOES NOT EXIST'