Hadoop: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused

Hello I have been trying to follow this tutorial: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/apache_flume/fetching_twitter_data.htm for a very long time now and I am absolutely stuck at Step 3: Create a Directory in HDFS. I have ran start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh and both seem to have worked correctly as I am getting the same output as the tutorial but when I try to run:

hdfs dfs -mkdir hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Hadoop/twitter_data 

I keep receiving the same error:

mkdir: Call From trz-VirtualBox/10.0.2.15 to localhost:9000 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused; For more details see:  http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused

I can not figure out why as I have searched everywhere and tried a number of solutions but can't seem to make progress. I am going to list all of the files that I think could cause this but I could be wrong: My core.site.xml is:

<configuration>
<property>  
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/Public/hadoop-2.7.1/tmp</value>
<description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>

My mapred-site.xml is:

<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>

My hdfs.site.xml is:

<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permission</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>

I am running Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS on virtual box. My ~/.bashrc looks as so:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/bin 
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/bin
export HADOOP_INSTALL=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
#flume
export FLUME_HOME=/usr/local/Flume
export PATH=$PATH:/FLUME_HOME/apache-flume-1.6.0-bin/bin
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/FLUME_HOME/apache-flume-1.6.0-bin/lib/*

And finally my /etc/hosts file is set up as so:

127.0.0.1  localhost
10.0.2.15  trz-VirtualBox
10.0.2.15  hadoopmaster


# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

The added hadoopmaster I am currently not using, that was one of my attempts to fix this by trying not to use local host (didn't work). trz-VirtualBox was originally 127.0.1.1 but I read that you should use your real IP address? Neither worked so I am not sure. I posted all of these files because I do not know where the error is. I do not think it is a path issue (I had a lot before I got to this step and was able to resolve them myself) so I am out of ideas. I've been at this for a number of hours now so any help is appreciated. Thank you.