What CMS systems can be used with static code?

Sounds to me like you should be looking at a more dynamic data system. CMS is an easy solution for this, but a bloated approach potentially.

If you simply wish to be able to use a static page template, and dynamically fill in the data, you could use a simple JSON file or XML.

Are you using Javascript, more specifically Angular or jQuery?

There are likely thousands of more ways to do this, but without better details on your project its a bit of a coin toss.

A really easy solution would be to simply create an AngularJS component and stick that in your single blog page html. Then, using an external JSON file only, you could dynamically populate all blog posts into the single template file.

HTML:

<div ng-app='app' ng-controller='mainCtrl'>
    <div ng-repeat="blog in myJson" class="blog-post">
        <ul class="blog-list">
          <li class="blog-post-item">
            <h3>{{blog.title}}</h3>
            <p>{{blog.body}}</p>
            <p>{{blog.date}}</p>            
            <p>{{blog.misc}}</p>
          </li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>

Javascript:

angular.module('app',['QuickList']).controller('mainCtrl', function($scope){
    $scope.myJson = [{
        title: "Some title here",
      body: "Main blog post body here with <b> html content </b>",
      date: "Jan, 1, 2016",
      misc: "other info"
    },{
        title: "Some title here 2",
      body: "Main blog post body here with <b> html content </b>",
      date: "Jan, 1, 2016",
      misc: "other info"
    },{
        title: "Some title here 3",
      body: "Main blog post body here with <b> html content </b>",
      date: "Jan, 1, 2016",
      misc: "other info"
    },{
        title: "Some title here 4",
      body: "Main blog post body here with <b> html content </b>",
      date: "Jan, 1, 2016",
      misc: "other info"
    }]
})

And be sure to include the angular source in your index.html

Here is a Fiddle Example