如何在全新安装的Xubuntu 12.04上安装主要的内部ext4驱动器？（宏cer c7 320GB硬盘）

For a partition or internal hard disk to be accessible in ubuntu it has to be 'mounted'. You can mount partitions manually or automatically.

To mount them manually:

1. Find out the name of the partition you want to mount. I find it easy to use gparted sudo apt-get install gparted). You can run sudo gparted in the commandline. Be careful not to mess anything up. Then you write down the name of the partition you want to mount (for instance sda2).

2. Now you need to create a mounting point. That is a point in your filesystem at which the partition will be accessible. It is not actually at that point, it just accessible at that point. You can create a directory for this. For instance, mkdir /media/extra_drive. Usually you would make this in the media directory which is also where usb sticks will be mounted. Media is usually used for mounts for a particular user (not systemwide, then you'd use mnt).

3. Now you can mount the partition using

     sudo mount /dev/sda2 /media/extra_drive
   

4. This can be unmounted manually using sudo umount /media/extra_drive. The mount is not boot-persistent and you will have to do it on each reboot.

Mounting it on every boot is not handy, therefore you should mount it automatically. To mount it automatically on each boot you have to add it to your fstab file. There is a nice wiki for that, so I will not repeat all the info here unless it is unclear. Essentially you find the UUID (ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/) and then do the following:

1. Duplicate your fstab file:

    sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
   

2. Compare the two files to confirm the backup matches the original:

    cmp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
   

3. Open the original fstab in a text editor:

    gksu gedit /etc/fstab 
   

and add these lines into it

    # (identifier)  (location, eg sda5)   (format, eg ext3 or ext4)      (some settings) 
    UUID=????????   /media/dir_of_your_choice    ext4          defaults       0       2 

不管是手动还是自动安装，这样的分区都不会将其自身添加到主文件夹中（因此，其空间仍然很低）。因此，如果您希望像现在这样进行操作，则必须手动将文件放在该分区上。更好的办法是为/home目录提供自己的分区。有关更多信息（需要一些阅读和工作），请参见。这个不错的维基页面。根据您的主分区的大小，+-300GB分区将构成一个不错的主文件夹。主文件夹的最大优点是您可以重新安装ubuntu而不会丢失文件（如果您知道自己在做什么，并且可以进行安装，这样就不会破坏主分区）。