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AWS :: S3 :: Errors :: AccessDenied。无法使用Ruby on Rails保存到S3

kim 发表于 Dev
13
金

我试图将Amazon S3连接到我的站点，以便存储用户头像。我希望用户能够在其个人资料中添加头像，但是似乎我被拒绝访问。我查看并尝试了几种解决方案，但均未成功：

列出存储桶时，Ruby Amazon S3 Access被拒绝

如何使用Heroku +回形针+ S3 + ROR解决“访问被拒绝”问题

使用回形针上传到S3

错误信息：

AWS :: S3 :: Errors :: AccessDenied：访问被拒绝的文件“ /app/app/controllers/profiles_controller.rb”，create中的第13行

完整跟踪：

2016-02-03T23:30:12.826846+00:00 app[web.1]:   Rendered pages/home.html.erb within layouts/application (1.3ms)
2016-02-03T23:30:12.830420+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 200 OK in 9ms (Views: 6.1ms | ActiveRecord: 1.2ms)
2016-02-03T23:30:12.821127+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by PagesController#home as HTML
2016-02-03T23:30:12.830151+00:00 app[web.1]:   Rendered layouts/_header.html.erb (0.9ms)
2016-02-03T23:30:12.824076+00:00 app[web.1]:   Plan Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  "plans".* FROM "plans"  WHERE "plans"."name" = 'mentee' LIMIT 1
2016-02-03T23:31:23.614411+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by ProfilesController#create as HTML
2016-02-03T23:31:23.618346+00:00 app[web.1]:   User Load (1.3ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = 32  ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT 1
2016-02-03T23:31:23.621171+00:00 app[web.1]:   CACHE (0.0ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["id", "32"]]
2016-02-03T23:31:23.642828+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: identify -format '%wx%h,%[exif:orientation]' '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex6.jpg[0]' 2>/dev/null
2016-02-03T23:31:23.731583+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: convert '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex6.jpg[0]' -auto-orient -resize "300x300>" '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex620160203-3-zkzzqj'
2016-02-03T23:31:23.610892+00:00 app[web.1]: Started POST "/users/32/profile" for 108.80.140.163 at 2016-02-03 23:31:23 +0000
2016-02-03T23:31:23.615000+00:00 app[web.1]:   Parameters: {"utf8"=>"✓", "authenticity_token"=>"ArxGVYON7jf+nRR9HfMcpHWxSgk4uHIw7ELCnDaJhvc=", "profile"=>{"not_available"=>"0", "first_name"=>"Kim", "last_name"=>"Crayton", "avatar"=>#<ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile:0x007fe496024c48 @tempfile=#<Tempfile:/tmp/RackMultipart20160203-3-1nmybbz>, @original_filename="Kim Crayton.jpg", @content_type="image/jpeg", @headers="Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"profile[avatar]\"; filename=\"Kim Crayton.jpg\"\r\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\r\n">, "contact_email"=>"[email protected]", "city"=>"Atlanta", "state"=>"GA", "country"=>"USA", "coding_languages"=>"HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python", "bio"=>"I was an educator, writer, and researcher in another life who decided to dive into the coding end of the pool. I've learned the basics on my own and like most who want to swim in the Olympics, I need a good coach to get me to the next level.", "mentoring_needs"=>"To be able to level up my skill set to become employed as a Jr. Developer"}, "commit"=>"Update Profile", "user_id"=>"32"}
2016-02-03T23:31:23.620344+00:00 app[web.1]:   User Load (0.8ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["id", 32]]
2016-02-03T23:31:23.629345+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: file -b --mime '/tmp/7ad9d08462a928e43510aef94b436bb820160203-3-1p8wtua.jpg'
2016-02-03T23:31:23.717450+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: identify -format %m '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex6.jpg[0]'
2016-02-03T23:31:24.346558+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: file -b --mime '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex620160203-3-zkzzqj'
2016-02-03T23:31:24.468671+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: identify -format '%wx%h,%[exif:orientation]' '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex6.jpg[0]' 2>/dev/null
2016-02-03T23:31:25.276211+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: identify -format %m '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex6.jpg[0]'
2016-02-03T23:31:25.356070+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: convert '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex6.jpg[0]' -auto-orient -resize "100x100>" '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex620160203-3-6j3feu'
2016-02-03T23:31:25.933442+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: file -b --mime '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-oy7ex620160203-3-6j3feu'
2016-02-03T23:31:25.968535+00:00 app[web.1]:    (1.8ms)  BEGIN
2016-02-03T23:31:26.011723+00:00 app[web.1]:   SQL (1.9ms)  INSERT INTO "profiles" ("avatar_content_type", "avatar_file_name", "avatar_file_size", "avatar_updated_at", "bio", "city", "coding_languages", "contact_email", "country", "created_at", "first_name", "last_name", "mentoring_needs", "state", "updated_at", "user_id") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14, $15, $16) RETURNING "id"  [["avatar_content_type", "image/jpeg"], ["avatar_file_name", "Kim_Crayton.jpg"], ["avatar_file_size", 588778], ["avatar_updated_at", "2016-02-03 23:31:23.627122"], ["bio", "I was an educator, writer, and researcher in another life who decided to dive into the coding end of the pool. I've learned the basics on my own and like most who want to swim in the Olympics, I need a good coach to get me to the next level."], ["city", "Atlanta"], ["coding_languages", "HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python"], ["contact_email", "[email protected]"], ["country", "USA"], ["created_at", "2016-02-03 23:31:26.002769"], ["first_name", "Kim"], ["last_name", "Crayton"], ["mentoring_needs", "To be able to level up my skill set to become employed as a Jr. Developer"], ["state", "GA"], ["updated_at", "2016-02-03 23:31:26.002769"], ["user_id", 32]]
2016-02-03T23:31:25.965320+00:00 app[web.1]:   Profile Load (8.5ms)  SELECT  "profiles".* FROM "profiles"  WHERE "profiles"."user_id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["user_id", 32]]
2016-02-03T23:31:26.012791+00:00 app[web.1]: [paperclip] saving /profiles/avatars/000/000/024/original/Kim_Crayton.jpg
2016-02-03T23:31:25.972587+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: file -b --mime '/tmp/7ad9d08462a928e43510aef94b436bb820160203-3-1fkobfh.jpg'
2016-02-03T23:31:26.192049+00:00 app[web.1]: [AWS S3 403 0.176059 0 retries] put_object(:acl=>:public_read,:bucket_name=>"BUCKET_NAME_VALUE",:content_length=>588778,:content_type=>"image/jpeg",:data=>Paperclip::UploadedFileAdapter: Kim Crayton.jpg,:key=>"profiles/avatars/000/000/024/original/Kim_Crayton.jpg") AWS::S3::Errors::AccessDenied Access Denied
2016-02-03T23:31:26.192052+00:00 app[web.1]:
2016-02-03T23:31:26.199059+00:00 app[web.1]:    (5.4ms)  ROLLBACK
2016-02-03T23:31:26.239693+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 2625ms
2016-02-03T23:31:26.278651+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Scheduling payload
2016-02-03T23:31:26.278749+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Sending payload
2016-02-03T23:31:26.255527+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Reporting exception: Access Denied
2016-02-03T23:31:26.565131+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=POST path="/users/32/profile" host=www.jrdevmentoring.com request_id=39b4d6a4-de82-4746-bba2-15326511c36c fwd="108.80.140.163" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=5691ms status=500 bytes=1754
2016-02-03T23:31:26.556786+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Success
2016-02-03T23:31:26.556867+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Details: https://rollbar.com/instance/uuid?uuid=e2c97cca-326f-4501-a1ac-dabcedc8d047 (only available if report was successful)
2016-02-03T23:31:26.556955+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Exception uuid saved in env: e2c97cca-326f-4501-a1ac-dabcedc8d047
2016-02-03T23:31:26.562072+00:00 app[web.1]:
2016-02-03T23:31:26.562074+00:00 app[web.1]:   app/controllers/profiles_controller.rb:13:in `create'
2016-02-03T23:31:26.562075+00:00 app[web.1]:
2016-02-03T23:31:26.562074+00:00 app[web.1]: AWS::S3::Errors::AccessDenied (Access Denied):
2016-02-03T23:31:26.562075+00:00 app[web.1]:
2016-02-03T23:32:23.939135+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/users/32/profile/new" host=www.jrdevmentoring.com request_id=a926abfc-e512-42cc-bcf0-b49f0e660051 fwd="108.80.140.163" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=22ms status=304 bytes=844
2016-02-03T23:32:23.921568+00:00 app[web.1]:   Parameters: {"user_id"=>"32"}
2016-02-03T23:32:23.921563+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by ProfilesController#new as HTML
2016-02-03T23:32:23.924214+00:00 app[web.1]:   User Load (0.8ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = 32  ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT 1
2016-02-03T23:32:23.926869+00:00 app[web.1]:   CACHE (0.0ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["id", "32"]]
2016-02-03T23:32:23.934672+00:00 app[web.1]:   Rendered profiles/_form.html.erb (5.2ms)
2016-02-03T23:32:23.934795+00:00 app[web.1]:   Rendered profiles/new.html.erb within layouts/mentee_layout (5.5ms)
2016-02-03T23:32:23.935958+00:00 app[web.1]:   Rendered layouts/_header.html.erb (0.4ms)
2016-02-03T23:32:23.919293+00:00 app[web.1]: Started GET "/users/32/profile/new" for 108.80.140.163 at 2016-02-03 23:32:23 +0000
2016-02-03T23:32:23.926294+00:00 app[web.1]:   User Load (1.0ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["id", 32]]
2016-02-03T23:32:23.936324+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 200 OK in 15ms (Views: 8.2ms | ActiveRecord: 2.5ms)
2016-02-03T23:32:23.928924+00:00 app[web.1]:   Plan Load (0.7ms)  SELECT  "plans".* FROM "plans"  WHERE "plans"."id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["id", 30]]
2016-02-03T23:32:24.067025+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/assets/application-ccf1b63ef283bc859fc20d775228d578.js" host=www.jrdevmentoring.com request_id=fd39d73a-d506-4b69-ac11-042db1ca8cee fwd="108.80.140.163" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=16ms status=304 bytes=133
2016-02-03T23:32:24.051947+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/assets/application-9750215382cdb39b0d4756e6b205dd25.css" host=www.jrdevmentoring.com request_id=7f1972d5-75f3-469c-9672-2d149981a9b9 fwd="108.80.140.163" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=8ms status=304 bytes=133
2016-02-03T23:32:28.231345+00:00 app[web.1]:   User Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["id", 32]]
2016-02-03T23:32:28.222520+00:00 app[web.1]: Started POST "/users/32/profile" for 108.80.140.163 at 2016-02-03 23:32:28 +0000
2016-02-03T23:32:28.367338+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: identify -format %m '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf.jpg[0]'
2016-02-03T23:32:28.240793+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: file -b --mime '/tmp/7ad9d08462a928e43510aef94b436bb820160203-3-133toy1.jpg'
2016-02-03T23:32:28.225432+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by ProfilesController#create as HTML
2016-02-03T23:32:28.225555+00:00 app[web.1]:   Parameters: {"utf8"=>"✓", "authenticity_token"=>"ArxGVYON7jf+nRR9HfMcpHWxSgk4uHIw7ELCnDaJhvc=", "profile"=>{"not_available"=>"0", "first_name"=>"Kim", "last_name"=>"Crayton", "avatar"=>#<ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile:0x007fe496024c48 @tempfile=#<Tempfile:/tmp/RackMultipart20160203-3-spce1k>, @original_filename="Kim Crayton.jpg", @content_type="image/jpeg", @headers="Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"profile[avatar]\"; filename=\"Kim Crayton.jpg\"\r\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\r\n">, "contact_email"=>"[email protected]", "city"=>"Atlanta", "state"=>"GA", "country"=>"USA", "coding_languages"=>"HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python", "bio"=>"I was an educator, writer, and researcher in another life who decided to dive into the coding end of the pool. I've learned the basics on my own and like most who want to swim in the Olympics, I need a good coach to get me to the next level.", "mentoring_needs"=>"To be able to level up my skill set to become employed as a Jr. Developer"}, "commit"=>"Update Profile", "user_id"=>"32"}
2016-02-03T23:32:28.229747+00:00 app[web.1]:   User Load (1.7ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = 32  ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT 1
2016-02-03T23:32:28.232006+00:00 app[web.1]:   CACHE (0.0ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["id", "32"]]
2016-02-03T23:32:28.411553+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: convert '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf.jpg[0]' -auto-orient -resize "300x300>" '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf20160203-3-bep14i'
2016-02-03T23:32:28.254571+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: identify -format '%wx%h,%[exif:orientation]' '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf.jpg[0]' 2>/dev/null
2016-02-03T23:32:29.005396+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: file -b --mime '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf20160203-3-bep14i'
2016-02-03T23:32:29.215235+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: identify -format %m '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf.jpg[0]'
2016-02-03T23:32:29.042851+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: identify -format '%wx%h,%[exif:orientation]' '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf.jpg[0]' 2>/dev/null
2016-02-03T23:32:29.254140+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: convert '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf.jpg[0]' -auto-orient -resize "100x100>" '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf20160203-3-18abmic'
2016-02-03T23:32:29.899670+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: file -b --mime '/tmp/907d62dfd370e834d14b2f9e69569f8f20160203-3-150cqxf20160203-3-18abmic'
2016-02-03T23:32:29.934163+00:00 app[web.1]:   SQL (1.0ms)  INSERT INTO "profiles" ("avatar_content_type", "avatar_file_name", "avatar_file_size", "avatar_updated_at", "bio", "city", "coding_languages", "contact_email", "country", "created_at", "first_name", "last_name", "mentoring_needs", "state", "updated_at", "user_id") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14, $15, $16) RETURNING "id"  [["avatar_content_type", "image/jpeg"], ["avatar_file_name", "Kim_Crayton.jpg"], ["avatar_file_size", 588778], ["avatar_updated_at", "2016-02-03 23:32:28.238610"], ["bio", "I was an educator, writer, and researcher in another life who decided to dive into the coding end of the pool. I've learned the basics on my own and like most who want to swim in the Olympics, I need a good coach to get me to the next level."], ["city", "Atlanta"], ["coding_languages", "HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python"], ["contact_email", "[email protected]"], ["country", "USA"], ["created_at", "2016-02-03 23:32:29.931498"], ["first_name", "Kim"], ["last_name", "Crayton"], ["mentoring_needs", "To be able to level up my skill set to become employed as a Jr. Developer"], ["state", "GA"], ["updated_at", "2016-02-03 23:32:29.931498"], ["user_id", 32]]
2016-02-03T23:32:29.983370+00:00 app[web.1]: [AWS S3 403 0.044695 0 retries] put_object(:acl=>:public_read,:bucket_name=>"BUCKET_NAME_VALUE",:content_length=>588778,:content_type=>"image/jpeg",:data=>Paperclip::UploadedFileAdapter: Kim Crayton.jpg,:key=>"profiles/avatars/000/000/025/original/Kim_Crayton.jpg") AWS::S3::Errors::AccessDenied Access Denied
2016-02-03T23:32:29.989703+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Reporting exception: Access Denied
2016-02-03T23:32:29.918738+00:00 app[web.1]:    (3.9ms)  BEGIN
2016-02-03T23:32:29.985462+00:00 app[web.1]:    (1.0ms)  ROLLBACK
2016-02-03T23:32:29.913438+00:00 app[web.1]:   Profile Load (1.0ms)  SELECT  "profiles".* FROM "profiles"  WHERE "profiles"."user_id" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["user_id", 32]]
2016-02-03T23:32:29.983374+00:00 app[web.1]:
2016-02-03T23:32:29.935107+00:00 app[web.1]: [paperclip] saving /profiles/avatars/000/000/025/original/Kim_Crayton.jpg
2016-02-03T23:32:29.920674+00:00 app[web.1]: Command :: file -b --mime '/tmp/7ad9d08462a928e43510aef94b436bb820160203-3-9amf8x.jpg'
2016-02-03T23:32:29.986839+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 1761ms
2016-02-03T23:32:30.038337+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Sending payload
2016-02-03T23:32:30.035794+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Scheduling payload
2016-02-03T23:32:30.297265+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Success
2016-02-03T23:32:30.298549+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Exception uuid saved in env: fe95e497-18b6-4711-8141-94789670b5ed
2016-02-03T23:32:30.312149+00:00 app[web.1]:   app/controllers/profiles_controller.rb:13:in `create'
2016-02-03T23:32:30.312147+00:00 app[web.1]: AWS::S3::Errors::AccessDenied (Access Denied):
2016-02-03T23:32:30.298468+00:00 app[web.1]: [Rollbar] Details: https://rollbar.com/instance/uuid?uuid=fe95e497-18b6-4711-8141-94789670b5ed (only available if report was successful)
2016-02-03T23:32:30.312144+00:00 app[web.1]:
2016-02-03T23:32:30.312149+00:00 app[web.1]:
2016-02-03T23:32:30.312150+00:00 app[web.1]:
2016-02-03T23:32:30.317622+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=POST path="/users/32/profile" host=www.jrdevmentoring.com request_id=6930043a-4007-4c13-9a38-0cac82aac0b6 fwd="108.80.140.163" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=4641ms status=500 bytes=1754
2016-02-03T23:41:43.818611+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=www.jrdevmentoring.com request_id=05a31e30-d8d1-465e-9a0d-4a545668949a fwd="107.206.188.61" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=58ms status=200 bytes=3069
2016-02-03T23:41:43.800534+00:00 app[web.1]: Started GET "/" for 107.206.188.61 at 2016-02-03 23:41:43 +0000
2016-02-03T23:41:43.808750+00:00 app[web.1]:   Plan Load (1.4ms)  SELECT  "plans".* FROM "plans"  WHERE "plans"."name" = 'mentor' LIMIT 1
2016-02-03T23:41:43.815175+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 200 OK in 9ms (Views: 4.7ms | ActiveRecord: 2.0ms)
2016-02-03T23:41:43.812975+00:00 app[web.1]:   Rendered pages/home.html.erb within layouts/application (1.0ms)
2016-02-03T23:41:43.805782+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by PagesController#home as HTML
2016-02-03T23:41:43.810095+00:00 app[web.1]:   Plan Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "plans".* FROM "plans"  WHERE "plans"."name" = 'mentee' LIMIT 1
2016-02-03T23:41:43.814699+00:00 app[web.1]:   Rendered layouts/_header.html.erb (0.5ms)
2016-02-03T23:41:44.007715+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/assets/application-ccf1b63ef283bc859fc20d775228d578.js" host=www.jrdevmentoring.com request_id=8a323d54-7eb3-4f09-bbb2-cc1f245654bf fwd="107.206.188.61" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=20ms status=200 bytes=142105
2016-02-03T23:41:44.113132+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/assets/application-9750215382cdb39b0d4756e6b205dd25.css" host=www.jrdevmentoring.com request_id=198cd717-23b5-413d-8903-9d5f944884e0 fwd="107.206.188.61" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=23ms status=200 bytes=114067

profiles_controller.rb

class ProfilesController < ApplicationController
  before_action :authenticate_user!
  before_action :only_current_user

  def new
    # form where a user can fill out their own profile.
    @user = User.find( params[:user_id] )
    @profile = Profile.new
  end
  def create
    @user = User.find( params[:user_id] )
    @profile = @user.build_profile(profile_params)
    if @profile.save
      flash[:success] = "Profile Updated!"
      redirect_to user_path( @user )
    else
        flash[:danger] = "An error occurred and your profile has not been updated. You must complete all form fields."
        render action: :new
    end
  end
  def edit
    @user = User.find( params[:user_id] )
    @profile = @user.profile
  end
  def update
    @user = User.find( params[:user_id] )
    @profile = @user.profile
    if @profile.update_attributes(profile_params)
     flash[:success] = "Profile Updated!"
      redirect_to user_path( params[:user_id] )
    else
     render action: :edit
    end
  end
  private
    def profile_params
      params.require(:profile).permit(:not_available, :first_name, :last_name, :avatar, :contact_email, :city, :state, :country, :coding_languages, :bio, :mentoring_needs)
    end
    def only_current_user
      @user = User.find( params[:user_id] )
      redirect_to(root_url) unless @user == current_user
    end
end

production.rb

 config.paperclip_defaults = {
    :storage => :s3,
    :s3_credentials => {
      :bucket => ENV['S3_BUCKET_NAME'],
      :access_key_id => ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
      :secret_access_key => ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
    }
  }

profile.rb

class Profile < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :user

  validates :first_name, presence: true
  validates :last_name, presence: true
  validates :contact_email, presence: true
  validates :bio, presence: true
  validates :mentoring_needs, presence: true
  validates_length_of :coding_languages,  minimum: 1, maximum: 500
  validates_length_of :bio,  minimum: 1, maximum: 1000
  validates_length_of :mentoring_needs,  minimum: 1, maximum: 500

  has_attached_file :avatar, :styles => { :medium => "300x300>", :thumb => "100x100>" }, :default_url => "/images/:style/missing.png"
  validates_attachment_content_type :avatar, :content_type => /\Aimage\/.*\Z/
end
金

如用户taglia的评论中所述

您需要将AWS凭证设置为heroku中的配置变量（基本上是环境变量）。您可以检查是否已使用heroku config设置它们；如果未设置，则可以使用添加它们heroku config:set S3_BUCKET_NAME=something AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=whatever AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=something_secret。heroku config --help的更多信息

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