我有一个大目录，其中包含许多要排序的子目录，我想将特定的文件类型复制到新文件夹中，但是我想保留原始的子目录。
def copyFile(src, dest):
try:
shutil.copy(src,dest)
except shutil.Error as e:
print('Error: %s' % e)
except IOError as e:
print('Error: %s' % s.strerror)
for root, directories, files in os.walk(directory):
for directoryname in directories:
dirpath = os.path.join(root,directoryname)
dir_paths.append(dirpath)
dir_names.append(directoryname)
if not os.listdir(dirpath): #Cheching if directory is empty
print("Empty")
EmptyDirs.append(directoryname) #Add directory name to empty directory list
EmptyDirPath.append(dirpath)
else:
pass
for filename in files:
filepath = os.path.join(root,filename)
file_paths.append(filepath)
file_names.append(filename)
if filename.lower().endswith(".sldasm"):
print(filename.encode('utf8'))
SolidModels.append(filename)
copyFile(filepath,dest)
elif filename.lower().endswith(".sldprt"):
print(filename.encode('utf8'))
SolidModels.append(filename)
copyFile(filepath,dest)
else:
pass
这是我现在使用的代码，但是它只是复制文件而没有复制它们原来所在的子目录，因此它们在新文件夹中完全没有组织。
这是使用copytree的新代码，但是现在不会复制特定文件，只有子目录会复制。
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
names = os.listdir(src)
if ignore is not None:
ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
else:
ignored_names = set()
os.makedirs(dst)
errors = []
for name in names:
if name in ignored_names:
continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
try:
if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)
else:
if src is "*.sldasm":
copy2(srcname, dstname)
elif src is "*.sldprt":
copy2(srcname, dstname)
except (IOError, os.error) as why:
errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
您可以shutil.copytree()通过使用（滥用？）其可选ignore关键字参数来使用内置函数执行所需的操作。最棘手的部分是，如果给定的，它必须是一个可调用的是什么样的回报，在每个目录，应该不被复制，而不是应该是什么。
但是，可以编写类似于shutil.ignore_patterns()创建一个执行所需功能的工厂函数的工厂函数，并将其用作ignore关键字参数的值。
返回的函数首先确定要通过该fnmatch.filter()函数保留的文件，然后将其从给定目录中的所有内容列表中删除，除非它们是子目录名，在这种情况下，它们将留待以后使用[递归] 加工。（这就是使它复制整个树的原因，以及您尝试编写自己的copytree()函数的错误原因）。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Works in Python 2.7 & 3.x
import fnmatch
from os.path import isdir, join
def include_patterns(*patterns):
""" Function that can be used as shutil.copytree() ignore parameter that
determines which files *not* to ignore, the inverse of "normal" usage.
This is a factory function that creates a function which can be used as a
callable for copytree()'s ignore argument, *not* ignoring files that match
any of the glob-style patterns provided.
‛patterns’ are a sequence of pattern strings used to identify the files to
include when copying the directory tree.
Example usage:
copytree(src_directory, dst_directory,
ignore=include_patterns('*.sldasm', '*.sldprt'))
"""
def _ignore_patterns(path, all_names):
# Determine names which match one or more patterns (that shouldn't be
# ignored).
keep = (name for pattern in patterns
for name in fnmatch.filter(all_names, pattern))
# Ignore file names which *didn't* match any of the patterns given that
# aren't directory names.
dir_names = (name for name in all_names if isdir(join(path, name)))
return set(all_names) - set(keep) - set(dir_names)
return _ignore_patterns
if __name__ == '__main__':
from shutil import copytree, rmtree
import os
src = r'C:\vols\Files\PythonLib\Stack Overflow'
dst = r'C:\vols\Temp\temp\test'
# Make sure the destination folder does not exist.
if os.path.exists(dst) and os.path.isdir(dst):
print('removing existing directory "{}"'.format(dst))
rmtree(dst, ignore_errors=False)
copytree(src, dst, ignore=include_patterns('*.png', '*.gif'))
print('done')
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