从一开始就发生ARM中断（Cortex-M4）

我正在处理NXP的新型微控制器LPC4088。我需要2周的时间来研究和编写外围设备的工作示例：IOCONFIG，GPIO，TIMERS，PWM和ADC。请在这里查看我的存储库。这就是您如何了解我的工作方式和技能水平的方式。

到现在为止，我只能禁用中断并在没有中断的情况下工作。现在我要处理需要中断的UART外围设备。我从未编程过中断，但对ARM中断有所了解。可悲的是，从理论上讲。目前，我正在研究以下两个文档：

• LPC4088用户指南（NVIC p.80＆UART1 p.461），
• Cortex-M4设备通用用户手册

对我来说很清楚，除了LPC4088微控制器之外，我还需要研究ARM Cortex-M4微处理器，这是我不知所措的。我知道我应该将ARM异常向量放在程序的开头-通常在启动代码中。但是我不知道该怎么做，因为我用微控制器得到的已经是编译后的启动代码（目标文件），它大概定义了异常向量，复位处理程序为C设置了堆栈，然后跳转到C源代码中的main（）函数用户编写的代码。

使用GCC ARM编译器编译程序后，我总是收到此提示，这一定是我不了解的线索，因为我对ARM mcpu的经验不足：

*****
***** You must modify vector checksum value in *.bin and *.hex files.
*****

我当时在考虑使用Segger Jlink反向启动启动代码并在其中修复异常向量，但是除了编写自己的开源启动代码外，还必须有其他方法...所以您有什么建议或示例，甚至对我来说更好。

添加：我真的很努力，没有启动代码的源代码。这就是我得到的：

因此，必须以某种方式操纵向量的唯一方法必须隐藏在链接描述文件中，这是仍然是源代码的唯一部分，它看起来像这样：

/* Linker script for mbed LPC1768 */

/* Linker script to configure memory regions. */
MEMORY
{
  FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 512K
  RAM (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x100000E8, LENGTH = (64K - 0xE8)

  USB_RAM(rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 16K
  ETH_RAM(rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20004000, LENGTH = 16K
}

/* Linker script to place sections and symbol values. Should be used together
 * with other linker script that defines memory regions FLASH and RAM.
 * It references following symbols, which must be defined in code:
 *   Reset_Handler : Entry of reset handler
 * 
 * It defines following symbols, which code can use without definition:
 *   __exidx_start
 *   __exidx_end
 *   __etext
 *   __data_start__
 *   __preinit_array_start
 *   __preinit_array_end
 *   __init_array_start
 *   __init_array_end
 *   __fini_array_start
 *   __fini_array_end
 *   __data_end__
 *   __bss_start__
 *   __bss_end__
 *   __end__
 *   end
 *   __HeapLimit
 *   __StackLimit
 *   __StackTop
 *   __stack
 */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

SECTIONS
{
    .text :
    {
        KEEP(*(.isr_vector))
        *(.text*)

        KEEP(*(.init))
        KEEP(*(.fini))

        /* .ctors */
        *crtbegin.o(.ctors)
        *crtbegin?.o(.ctors)
        *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .ctors)
        *(SORT(.ctors.*))
        *(.ctors)

        /* .dtors */
        *crtbegin.o(.dtors)
        *crtbegin?.o(.dtors)
        *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .dtors)
        *(SORT(.dtors.*))
        *(.dtors)

        *(.rodata*)

        KEEP(*(.eh_frame*))
    } > FLASH

    .ARM.extab : 
    {
        *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
    } > FLASH

    __exidx_start = .;
    .ARM.exidx :
    {
        *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)
    } > FLASH
    __exidx_end = .;

    __etext = .;

    .data : AT (__etext)
    {
        __data_start__ = .;
        Image$$RW_IRAM1$$Base = .;
        *(vtable)
        *(.data*)

        . = ALIGN(4);
        /* preinit data */
        PROVIDE (__preinit_array_start = .);
        KEEP(*(.preinit_array))
        PROVIDE (__preinit_array_end = .);

        . = ALIGN(4);
        /* init data */
        PROVIDE (__init_array_start = .);
        KEEP(*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
        KEEP(*(.init_array))
        PROVIDE (__init_array_end = .);


        . = ALIGN(4);
        /* finit data */
        PROVIDE (__fini_array_start = .);
        KEEP(*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
        KEEP(*(.fini_array))
        PROVIDE (__fini_array_end = .);

        . = ALIGN(4);
        /* All data end */
        __data_end__ = .;

    } > RAM


    .bss :
    {
        __bss_start__ = .;
        *(.bss*)
        *(COMMON)
        __bss_end__ = .;
        Image$$RW_IRAM1$$ZI$$Limit = . ;
    } > RAM


    .heap :
    {
        __end__ = .;
        end = __end__;
        *(.heap*)
        __HeapLimit = .;
    } > RAM

    /* .stack_dummy section doesn't contains any symbols. It is only
     * used for linker to calculate size of stack sections, and assign
     * values to stack symbols later */
    .stack_dummy :
    {
        *(.stack)
    } > RAM

    /* Set stack top to end of RAM, and stack limit move down by
     * size of stack_dummy section */
    __StackTop = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM);
    __StackLimit = __StackTop - SIZEOF(.stack_dummy);
    PROVIDE(__stack = __StackTop);

    /* Check if data + heap + stack exceeds RAM limit */
    ASSERT(__StackLimit >= __HeapLimit, "region RAM overflowed with stack")


    /* Code can explicitly ask for data to be 
       placed in these higher RAM banks where
       they will be left uninitialized. 
    */
    .AHBSRAM0 (NOLOAD):
    {
        Image$$RW_IRAM2$$Base = . ;
        *(AHBSRAM0)
        Image$$RW_IRAM2$$ZI$$Limit = .;
    } > USB_RAM

    .AHBSRAM1 (NOLOAD):
    {
        Image$$RW_IRAM3$$Base = . ;
        *(AHBSRAM1)
        Image$$RW_IRAM3$$ZI$$Limit = .;
    } > ETH_RAM
}

还有一个看起来像这样的makefile，它会在每次编译结束时提示我：

# This file was automagically generated by mbed.org. For more information, 
# see http://mbed.org/handbook/Exporting-to-GCC-ARM-Embedded

GCC_BIN = 
PROJECT = executaable
OBJECTS = ./main.o 
SYS_OBJECTS = ./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM/startup_LPC408x.o ./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM/retarget.o ./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM/system_LPC407x_8x_177x_8x.o ./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM/board.o ./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM/cmsis_nvic.o 
INCLUDE_PATHS = -I. -I./mbed -I./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088 -I./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM -I./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TARGET_NXP -I./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TARGET_NXP/TARGET_LPC408X -I./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TARGET_NXP/TARGET_LPC408X/TARGET_LPC4088 
LIBRARY_PATHS = -L./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM 
LIBRARIES = -lmbed 
LINKER_SCRIPT = ./mbed/TARGET_LPC4088/TOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM/LPC4088.ld

############################################################################### 
AS      = $(GCC_BIN)arm-none-eabi-as
CC      = $(GCC_BIN)arm-none-eabi-gcc
CPP     = $(GCC_BIN)arm-none-eabi-g++
LD      = $(GCC_BIN)arm-none-eabi-gcc
OBJCOPY = $(GCC_BIN)arm-none-eabi-objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(GCC_BIN)arm-none-eabi-objdump
SIZE    = $(GCC_BIN)arm-none-eabi-size

CPU = -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=softfp
CC_FLAGS = $(CPU) -c -g -fno-common -fmessage-length=0 -Wall -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fomit-frame-pointer
CC_FLAGS += -MMD -MP
CC_SYMBOLS = -DTARGET_LPC4088 -DTARGET_M4 -DTARGET_CORTEX_M -DTARGET_NXP -DTARGET_LPC408X -DTOOLCHAIN_GCC_ARM -DTOOLCHAIN_GCC -D__CORTEX_M4 -DARM_MATH_CM4 -D__FPU_PRESENT=1 -DMBED_BUILD_TIMESTAMP=1429428454.91 -D__MBED__=1 

LD_FLAGS = $(CPU) -Wl,--gc-sections --specs=nano.specs -u _printf_float -u _scanf_float -Wl,--wrap,main
LD_FLAGS += -Wl,-Map=$(PROJECT).map,--cref
LD_SYS_LIBS = -lstdc++ -lsupc++ -lm -lc -lgcc -lnosys

ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
  CC_FLAGS += -DDEBUG -O0
else
  CC_FLAGS += -DNDEBUG -Os
endif

all: $(PROJECT).bin $(PROJECT).hex 

clean:
    rm -f $(PROJECT).bin $(PROJECT).elf $(PROJECT).hex $(PROJECT).map $(PROJECT).lst $(OBJECTS) $(DEPS)

.s.o:
    $(AS) $(CPU) -o $@ $<

.c.o:
    $(CC)  $(CC_FLAGS) $(CC_SYMBOLS) -std=gnu99   $(INCLUDE_PATHS) -o $@ $<

.cpp.o:
    $(CPP) $(CC_FLAGS) $(CC_SYMBOLS) -std=gnu++98 -fno-rtti $(INCLUDE_PATHS) -o $@ $<


$(PROJECT).elf: $(OBJECTS) $(SYS_OBJECTS)
    $(LD) $(LD_FLAGS) -T$(LINKER_SCRIPT) $(LIBRARY_PATHS) -o $@ $^ $(LIBRARIES) $(LD_SYS_LIBS) $(LIBRARIES) $(LD_SYS_LIBS)
    @echo ""
    @echo "*****"
    @echo "***** You must modify vector checksum value in *.bin and *.hex files."
    @echo "*****"
    @echo ""
    $(SIZE) $@

$(PROJECT).bin: $(PROJECT).elf
    @$(OBJCOPY) -O binary $< $@

$(PROJECT).hex: $(PROJECT).elf
    @$(OBJCOPY) -O ihex $< $@

$(PROJECT).lst: $(PROJECT).elf
    @$(OBJDUMP) -Sdh $< > $@

lst: $(PROJECT).lst

size:
    $(SIZE) $(PROJECT).elf

DEPS = $(OBJECTS:.o=.d) $(SYS_OBJECTS:.o=.d)
-include $(DEPS)