通过身份验证自动从网站下载图片，第二部分

ElektroStudios 发表于 Dev

ElektroStudios

这个问题是从另一个问题衍生而来的：通过身份验证从网站自动下载图片，我问过如何从需要登录的特定网站下载图片。

同一家公司有两个网站cgwallpapers.com和gamewallpapers.com，因为在回答了另一个问题的用户的帮助下，我最终决定如何自动下载其中一个网站，所以我无法复制在gamewallpapers.com网站上执行相同的步骤。

由于我对请求的经验不足，我可能要说的话可能是错误的，所以请帮助者/专家是否有时间建议我验证一下参数和我要说的其他内容，例如我是说还是不是，正如我所说，我可能是错的。

在cgwallpapers.com中，我基本上将这样的查询设置为下载墙纸：

http://www.cgmewallpapers.com/members/getwallpaper.php?id=100&res=1920x1080

但是我发现在gamewallpapers.com中我不能使用相同的帖子数据，因为它看起来像这样：

http://www.gamewallpapers.com/members/getwallpaper.php?wallpaper=wallpaper_ancient_space_01_1920x1080.jpg&keystr=1423106012&retry=

在cgwallpapers中更容易，因为我可以使用具有特定墙纸分辨率的id来使用增量for循环，但是在gamewallpapers.com网站上，我不知道该如何自动化墙纸下载，似乎需要一种完全不同的处理方法如果我没看错。

因此，我不知道该尝试什么甚至怎么做。

我登录gamewallpapers.com后，这就是我尝试下载壁纸的方式，当然这不起作用，因为我没有使用正确的查询，但是此代码适用于cgwallpaper.com网站，因此我将显示它是否可以帮助某些事情：

注意：WallpaperInfo是一个不相关的对象，我使用它来返回下载的墙纸图像流，它的代码很多，因此我跳过了它。

''' <summary>
''' Tries to download the specified wallpaper from GameWallpapers server.
''' </summary>
''' <param name="id">The wallpaper id.</param>
''' <param name="res">The wallpaper resolution.</param>
''' <param name="cookieCollection">The cookie collection.</param>
''' <returns>A <see cref="WallpaperInfo"/> instance containing the wallpaper info and the image stream.</returns>
Private Function GetWallpaperMethod(ByVal id As String,
                                    ByVal res As String,
                                    ByRef cookieCollection As CookieCollection) As WallpaperInfo

    Dim request As HttpWebRequest
    Dim url As String = String.Format("http://www.gamewallpapers.com/members/getwallpaper.php?id={0}&res={1}", id, res)
    Dim contentDisposition As String
    Dim webResponse As WebResponse = Nothing
    Dim responseStream As Stream = Nothing
    Dim imageStream As MemoryStream = Nothing
    Dim wallInfo As WallpaperInfo = Nothing

    Try
        request = DirectCast(HttpWebRequest.Create(url), HttpWebRequest)
        With request
            .Method = "GET"
            .Headers.Add("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5")
            .Headers.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate")
            .Headers.Add("Keep-Alive", "300")
            .Accept = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8"
            .AllowAutoRedirect = False
            .UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:35.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/35.0"
            .KeepAlive = True
        End With

        If cookieCollection IsNot Nothing Then
            ' Pass cookie info so that we remain logged in.
            request.CookieContainer = Me.SetCookieContainer(url, cookieCollection)
        End If

        webResponse = request.GetResponse

        Using webResponse

            contentDisposition = CType(webResponse, HttpWebResponse).Headers("Content-Disposition")

            If Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(contentDisposition) Then ' There is an image to download.

                Dim filename As String = contentDisposition.Substring(contentDisposition.IndexOf("=") + "=".Length).
                                         TrimStart(" "c).TrimEnd({" "c, ";"c})

                Try
                    imageStream = New MemoryStream
                    responseStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream

                    Using responseStream

                        Dim buffer(2047) As Byte
                        Dim read As Integer

                        Do
                            read = responseStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)
                            imageStream.Write(buffer, 0, read)
                        Loop Until read = 0

                        responseStream.Close()

                    End Using

                Catch ex As Exception
                    Throw

                End Try

                ' This is the object that I'll return
                ' that I'm storing the url, the wallpaper id,
                ' the wallpaper resolution, the wallpaper filename
                ' and finally the downloaded MemoryStream (the wallpaper image stream)
                wallInfo = New WallpaperInfo(url:=url,
                                             id:=id,
                                             resolution:=res,
                                             filename:=filename,
                                             imageStream:=imageStream)

            End If ' String.IsNullOrEmpty(contentDisposition)

        End Using ' webResponse

    Catch ex As Exception
        Throw

    Finally
        If webResponse IsNot Nothing Then
            webResponse.Close()
        End If
        If responseStream IsNot Nothing Then
            responseStream.Close()
        End If

    End Try

    Return wallInfo

End Function

Private Function SetCookieContainer(ByVal url As String,
                                    ByVal cookieCollection As CookieCollection) As CookieContainer

    Dim cookieContainer As New CookieContainer
    Dim refDate As Date

    For Each oldCookie As Cookie In cookieCollection

        If Not DateTime.TryParse(oldCookie.Value, refDate) Then

            Dim newCookie As New Cookie
            With newCookie
                .Name = oldCookie.Name
                .Value = oldCookie.Value
                .Domain = New Uri(url).Host
                .Secure = False
            End With

            cookieContainer.Add(newCookie)

        End If

    Next oldCookie

    Return cookieContainer

End Function

这是我试图通过示例示例了解的完整源代码，该示例用法是我预期的工作方式（用于循环递增墙纸id以自动执行下载），当将基本URL名称从更改为时，它可以完美gamewallpapers.com地工作cgwallpapers.com，因为此源仅适用于cgwallpapers.com我，但我只是尝试使用gamewallpapers.comurl：

http://pastebin.com/eyBxHmnJ

乔手表

更新：

如所承诺的那样，我已经使用Telerik Testing Framework为您对gamewallpapers.com的问题提出了一个“适当”的解决方案。

您必须将sUsername和sPassword变量更改为您自己的用户名/密码，才能成功登录该站点。

您可能要更改的可选变量：

sResolutionString：默认为1920x1080，这是您在原始问题中指定的值。将此值更改为网站上任何可接受的分辨率值。只是警告我不是100％不确定所有图像是否具有相同的分辨率，因此更改此值可能会导致某些图像没有所需分辨率的图像被跳过。
sDownloadPath：当前设置为与应用程序exe相同的文件夹。将此更改为要下载图像的路径。
sUserAgent：默认为Windows 7的Internet Explorer 11的用户代理。由于Telerik Testing Framework控制了真实的浏览器（在这种情况下，您的计算机上安装了IE版本），因此在发送请求时它将使用“真实的”用户代理。该变量用户代理字符串仅在使用下载壁纸时才使用HttpWebRequest，默认值很可能是不必要的，因为随附的代码将捕获Telerik使用的用户代理并将其保存以备后用。
nMaxSkippedFilesInSuccession：默认设置为10。尝试下载墙纸图像时，应用程序将检查下载目录中是否已存在文件名。如果存在，则将不会下载文件，并且跳过计数器将增加。如果跳过计数器达到的值，nMaxSkippedFilesInSuccession则该应用程序将停止运行，因为它假定您已在上一个会话中下载了其余文件。注意：理论上，该值甚至可以设置为1或2，因为文件名非常唯一，因此永远不会重叠。问题是该toplist.php页面按日期排序，如果在运行此应用程序的过程中，他们添加了x张新图像，那么当您转到下一页时，图像将被x移位。如果x大于nMaxSkippedFilesInSuccession那么您很可能会发现该应用可能会过早终止，因为您会因为该偏移而尝试重新下载许多相同的图像。
nCurrentPageID：默认设置为0。列表页面toplist.php接受名为的查询字符串参数Start，该参数根据指定的搜索参数告诉页面从哪个索引开始。该列表每页显示24张图像，因此该nCurrentPageID变量必须可被24整除，否则最终可能会跳过图像。根据时间和情况，您可能无法在一个会话中下载所有图像。如果是这种情况，您可以记住nCurrentPageID您保留了哪个选项，并相应地更新此变量以在下一次从另一个id开始（请注意，由于对列表页面进行了排序，因此当将新墙纸添加到网站时，图像可能会发生偏移。按壁纸日期）。

要使用，Telerik Testing Framework您只需安装安装文件，然后包含对的引用ArtOfTest.WebAii.dll。

关于使用测试框架（至少与Internet Explorer一起使用）的一个怪癖是，它不允许您将浏览器作为隐藏进程启动。我已经与telerik支持人员进行了交谈，他们声称尽管其他网络抓取框架（如Watin）确实支持此功能，但该操作是不可能的（出于个人原因和其他原因，我个人还是更喜欢Watin，但它已经很老了，自从2011）。由于可以在后台运行Web抓取任务而不会打扰您使用计算机，因此，本示例将最小化浏览器（Telerik确实支持）启动浏览器，然后使用Windows api调用隐藏浏览器进程。这有点hack，但是根据我的经验，它很有用并且效果很好。

在我最初的回答中，我提到您很可能必须toplist.php通过单击链接并构建下载网址来爬网该页面，但是我能够在不单击以外的任何页面的情况下使它起作用toplist.php。这仅是可能的，因为墙纸文件名（基本上是您需要使用其下载的ID）部分包含在预览图像中。我最初还以为keystr查询字符串参数是某种ID，可以“保护”下载，但实际上根本不需要它来获取墙纸。

最后要提到的是 toplist.php该页面可以按评分或日期排序。评分是非常不稳定的，并且随着人们对图像的投票而随时变化，因此对于这种类型的作品而言，这不是一种很好的分类方法。在这种情况下，我们使用日期是因为它可以很好地进行排序，并且应该始终以与以前相同的顺序排列图像，但是有一个小问题：它似乎不允许您以相反的顺序进行排序。因此，最新图像始终显示在首页的顶部。这会导致图像在列表中移动，并且很可能在这种情况下使您再次重新测试相同的图像。对于cgwallpapers.com来说，这不是问题，因为新图像将收到一个新的（较高的）id值，我们可以只记得我们遗留下来的最后一个ID，并连续测试下一个ID以查看是否有新图像。用于游戏壁纸。

这是代码。如果您有任何问题，请告诉我：

Imports ArtOfTest.WebAii.Core
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Class Form1
    Const sUsername As String = "USERNAMEHERE"
    Const sPassword As String = "PASSWORDHERE"
    Const sMainURL As String = "http://www.gamewallpapers.com"
    Const sListURL As String = "http://www.gamewallpapers.com/members/toplist.php"
    Const sListQueryString As String = "?action=go&title=&maxage=0&latestnr=0&platform=&resolution=&cyberbabes=&membersonly2=&rating=0&minimumvotes2=0&sort=date&start="
    Const sDownloadURL As String = "http://www.gamewallpapers.com/members/getwallpaper.php?wallpaper="
    Const sResolutionString As String = "1920x1080"
    Private sDownloadPath As String = Application.StartupPath
    Private sUserAgent As String = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible, MSIE 11, Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;  rv:11.0) like Gecko"    ' Default to ie11 user agent
    Private oCookieContainerObject As New System.Net.CookieContainer
    Private nMaxSkippedFilesInSuccession As Int32 = 10
    Private nCurrentPageID As Int32 = 0 ' Only incrememnt this value in values of 24 or else you may miss some images

    Private Enum oDownloadResult
        Failed = 0
        Success = 1
        Skipped = 2
    End Enum

    Private Sub Form1_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
        StartScrape()
    End Sub

    Private Sub StartScrape()
        Dim oBrowser As Manager = Nothing

        Try
            ' Start Internt Explorer

            Dim oSettings As New Settings

            oSettings.Web.DefaultBrowser = BrowserType.InternetExplorer
            oSettings.DisableDialogMonitoring = False
            oSettings.UnexpectedDialogAction = UnexpectedDialogAction.DoNotHandle
            oSettings.Web.UseHttpProxy = True   ' This must be enabled for us to get the headers being sent and know what the user agent is dynamically

            oBrowser = New Manager(oSettings)

            oBrowser.Start()
            oBrowser.LaunchNewBrowser(oSettings.Web.DefaultBrowser, True, ProcessWindowStyle.Minimized) ' Start minimized

            ' Set up a proxy so that we can capture the request headers

            Dim li As New ArtOfTest.WebAii.Messaging.Http.RequestListenerInfo(AddressOf RequestHandler)

            oBrowser.Http.AddBeforeRequestListener(li)  ' Add proxy listener

            ' Hide the browser window

            HideBrowser(oBrowser)

            ' Load the main url

            oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.NavigateTo(sMainURL)
            oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.WaitUntilReady()

            oBrowser.Http.RemoveBeforeRequestListener(li)   ' Remove proxy listener
            oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.RefreshDomTree()

            Dim bLoggedIn As Boolean = False

            ' Wait for the main logo image to show so that we know we have the right page

            oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.WaitForElement(New HtmlFindExpression("Tagname=div", "Id=clickable_logo"), 30000, False)
            Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000)    ' Wait 3 seconds to prevent loading pages too quickly
            oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.RefreshDomTree()

            ' Check if we are logged in already or if we need to log in

            If oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.ByExpression("Tagname=div", "Id=logout", "InnerText=Logout") IsNot Nothing Then
                ' Cannot find the logout button therefore we are already logged in
                bLoggedIn = True
            ElseIf oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.ByExpression("Tagname=input", "Name=email") IsNot Nothing AndAlso oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.ByExpression("Tagname=input", "Name=wachtwoord") IsNot Nothing Then
                ' Log in

                oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.RefreshDomTree()
                oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Actions.SetText(oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.ByExpression("Tagname=input", "Name=email"), sUsername)
                oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Actions.SetText(oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.ByExpression("Tagname=input", "Name=wachtwoord"), sPassword)
                oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Actions.Click(oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.ByExpression("Tagname=div", "Id=login", "InnerText=Login"))

                ' Wait for page to load

                oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.WaitUntilReady()
                oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.WaitForElement(New HtmlFindExpression("Tagname=div", "Id=logout", "InnerText=Logout"), 30000, False)   ' Wait until Logout button is loaded
                bLoggedIn = True
            Else
                ' Didn't find any controls that we were looking for. Maybe the page was updated recently?

                MessageBox.Show("Error loading page. Maybe the html changed?")
            End If

            If bLoggedIn = True Then
                Dim bStop As Boolean = False
                Dim sPreviewImageFilename As String
                Dim sPreviewImageFileExtension As String
                Dim oURI As Uri = New Uri(sMainURL)
                Dim oCookie As System.Net.Cookie
                Dim nSkippedFiles As Int32 = 0

                ' Save cookies from browser to use with HttpWebRequest later

                For c As Int32 = 0 To oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Cookies.GetCookies(oURI.Scheme & Uri.SchemeDelimiter & oURI.Host).Count - 1
                    oCookie = New System.Net.Cookie
                    oCookie.Name = oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Cookies.GetCookies(oURI.Scheme & Uri.SchemeDelimiter & oURI.Host)(c).Name
                    oCookie.Value = oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Cookies.GetCookies(oURI.Scheme & Uri.SchemeDelimiter & oURI.Host)(c).Value
                    oCookie.Domain = oURI.Host
                    oCookie.Secure = False
                    oCookieContainerObject.Add(oCookie)
                Next

                Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000)    ' Wait 3 seconds to prevent loading pages too quickly

                Do Until bStop = True
                    ' Browse to the list url

                    oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.NavigateTo(sListURL & sListQueryString & nCurrentPageID)
                    oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.WaitUntilReady()

                    If oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.AllByExpression("Tagname=img", "Class=toggleTooltip").Count > 0 Then
                        ' Get all preview images on the page

                        For i As Int32 = 0 To oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.AllByExpression("Tagname=img", "Class=toggleTooltip").Count - 1
                            ' Convert the preview image browser element into an HtmlImage

                            Dim oHtmlImage As ArtOfTest.WebAii.Controls.HtmlControls.HtmlImage = oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Find.AllByExpression("Tagname=img", "Class=toggleTooltip")(i).[As](Of ArtOfTest.WebAii.Controls.HtmlControls.HtmlImage)()

                            ' Extract the filename and extension from the preview image

                            sPreviewImageFilename = System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(oHtmlImage.Src)
                            sPreviewImageFileExtension = System.IO.Path.GetExtension(oHtmlImage.Src)

                            ' Create a proper download url using the preview image filename and download the file in the resolution that we want using HttpWebRequest

                            Select Case DownloadImage(sDownloadURL & sPreviewImageFilename & "_" & sResolutionString & sPreviewImageFileExtension, sListURL & sListQueryString & nCurrentPageID)
                                Case Is = oDownloadResult.Success
                                    nSkippedFiles = 0   ' Result skipped files back to zero
                                Case Is = oDownloadResult.Skipped
                                    nSkippedFiles += 1  ' Increment skipped files by one since we have already downloaded this file previously
                                Case Is = oDownloadResult.Failed
                                    ' The image didn't download properly.
                                    ' Do whatever error handling in here that you want to
                                    ' Maybe save the filename to a log file so you know which file(s) failed and download them again later?
                            End Select

                            If nSkippedFiles >= nMaxSkippedFilesInSuccession Then
                                ' We have skipped the maximum amount of files in a row so we must have downloaded them all (This should only ever happen on the 2nd+ run)
                                bStop = True
                                Exit For
                            Else
                                Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000)    ' Wait 3 seconds to prevent loading pages too quickly
                            End If
                        Next

                        ' Increment the 'Start' querystring value by 24 to simulate clicking the 'Next' button and load the next 24 images
                        nCurrentPageID += 24
                    Else
                        ' No more images were found so we stop the application
                        bStop = True
                    End If
                Loop
            End If
        Catch ex As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
        Finally
            ' Ensure browser is closed when we exit
            CleanupBrowser(oBrowser)
        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub RequestHandler(sender As Object, e As ArtOfTest.WebAii.Messaging.Http.HttpRequestEventArgs)
        ' Save the exact user agent we are using so that we can use it with HTTPWebRequest later
        sUserAgent = e.Request.Headers("User-Agent")
    End Sub

    Private Function DownloadImage(ByVal sPage As String, sReferer As String) As oDownloadResult
        Dim req As System.Net.HttpWebRequest
        Dim oReturn As oDownloadResult

        Try
            req = System.Net.HttpWebRequest.Create(sPage)
            req.Method = "GET"
            req.AllowAutoRedirect = False
            req.UserAgent = sUserAgent
            req.Accept = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8"
            req.Headers.Add("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5")
            req.Headers.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate")
            req.Headers.Add("Keep-Alive", "300")
            req.KeepAlive = True

            If oCookieContainerObject IsNot Nothing Then
                ' Set cookie info so that we continue to be logged in
                req.CookieContainer = oCookieContainerObject
            End If

            ' Save file to disk

            Using oResponse As System.Net.WebResponse = CType(req.GetResponse, System.Net.WebResponse)
                Dim sContentDisposition As String = CType(oResponse, System.Net.HttpWebResponse).Headers("Content-Disposition")

                If sContentDisposition IsNot Nothing Then
                    Dim sFilename As String = sContentDisposition.Substring(sContentDisposition.IndexOf("filename="), sContentDisposition.Length - sContentDisposition.IndexOf("filename=")).Replace("filename=", "").Replace("""", "").Replace(";", "").Trim
                    Dim sFullPath As String = System.IO.Path.Combine(sDownloadPath, sFilename)

                    If System.IO.File.Exists(sFullPath) = False Then
                        Using responseStream As IO.Stream = oResponse.GetResponseStream
                            Using fs As New IO.FileStream(sFullPath, System.IO.FileMode.Create, System.IO.FileAccess.Write)
                                Dim buffer(2047) As Byte
                                Dim read As Integer

                                Do
                                    read = responseStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)
                                    fs.Write(buffer, 0, read)
                                Loop Until read = 0

                                responseStream.Close()
                                fs.Flush()
                                fs.Close()
                            End Using

                            responseStream.Close()
                        End Using

                        oReturn = oDownloadResult.Success
                    Else
                        oReturn = oDownloadResult.Skipped   ' We have downloaded this file before so skip it
                    End If
                End If

                oResponse.Close()
            End Using
        Catch exc As System.Net.WebException
            MessageBox.Show("Network Error: " & exc.Message.ToString & " Status Code: " & exc.Status.ToString & " from " & sPage, "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
            oReturn = oDownloadResult.Failed
        End Try

        Return oReturn
    End Function

    Private Sub HideBrowser(ByRef oBrowser As Manager)

        Dim tmp_hWnd As IntPtr

        For w As Integer = 1 To 10
            tmp_hWnd = oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Window.Handle
            If Not tmp_hWnd.Equals(IntPtr.Zero) Then Exit For
            Threading.Thread.Sleep(100)
        Next

        If Not tmp_hWnd.Equals(IntPtr.Zero) Then
            ' use ShowWindowAsync to change app window state (minimize and hide it).
            ShowWindowAsync(tmp_hWnd, ShowWindowCommands.Minimize)
            ShowWindowAsync(tmp_hWnd, ShowWindowCommands.Hide)
        Else
            ' no window handle?
            MessageBox.Show("Error - Unable to get a window handle")
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub CleanupBrowser(ByRef oBrowser As Manager)
        If oBrowser IsNot Nothing AndAlso oBrowser.ActiveBrowser IsNot Nothing Then
            oBrowser.ActiveBrowser.Close()
        End If

        If oBrowser IsNot Nothing Then
            oBrowser.Dispose()
        End If

        oBrowser = Nothing
    End Sub
End Class

Module Module1
    Public Enum ShowWindowCommands As Integer
        Hide = 0
        Normal = 1
        ShowMinimized = 2
        Maximize = 3
        ShowMaximized = 3
        ShowNoActivate = 4
        Show = 5
        Minimize = 6
        ShowMinNoActive = 7
        ShowNA = 8
        Restore = 9
        ShowDefault = 10
        ForceMinimize = 11
    End Enum

    <DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
    Public Function ShowWindowAsync(hWnd As IntPtr, <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)> nCmdShow As ShowWindowCommands) As <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)> Boolean
    End Function
End Module

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编辑于2021-02-19

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