我目前正在编写一个Java程序，该程序分配了一个较大的多维数组进行处理。在分配期间，java最终使用了所有可用的CPU（在我的情况下为8个CPU）。这是预期的行为吗？我正在使用Java版本1.7.0_65运行Ubuntu 14.04。如果您需要更多信息，请告诉我。如果这是预期的行为，是否有一种方法可以限制它，使其仅使用一个CPU？
public class test {
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("Test");
int a = 1000;
int b = 100;
int c = 100;
int d = 1;
int e = 10;
float[][][][][] test = new float[a][b][c][d][e];
System.out.println("Done");
}
}
编辑：通过将初始堆大小设置为足够大，该程序永远不会最终使用多个CPU。将来，我将同时使用足够大的初始JVM大小和tasket命令来限制cpu的亲和力。
分配总是在当前线程中执行，但是如果堆上的空间不足，分配请求可能会触发垃圾回收，这取决于JVM及其垃圾回收器调整参数，可以使用多个线程。
在Oracle JVM上，可以通过向Java进程提供-verbose：gc选项来验证确实是这种情况。在我的计算机上，您的程序随后产生以下输出：
Test
[GC (Allocation Failure) 512K->456K(261632K), 0.0007027 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 968K->920K(261632K), 0.0014950 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 1432K->1452K(261632K), 0.0011264 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 1964K->1972K(262144K), 0.0009485 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 2996K->3020K(262144K), 0.0011456 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 4044K->4172K(264704K), 0.0014029 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 6220K->6124K(264704K), 0.0032563 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 8172K->8212K(267776K), 0.0032141 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 11796K->11836K(268288K), 0.0048205 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 15420K->15524K(271872K), 0.0048205 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 20644K->20772K(272896K), 0.0063642 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 25892K->25900K(275968K), 0.0066470 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 33580K->33636K(276480K), 0.0069722 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 41316K->41396K(281088K), 0.0105088 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 52660K->52564K(282112K), 0.0095962 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 63828K->64060K(293376K), 0.0127885 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 81468K->81380K(294400K), 0.0138240 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 98788K->99004K(307712K), 0.0192218 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 122044K->122196K(309248K), 0.0170214 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 145236K->145284K(318976K), 0.0242662 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 174468K->174620K(322048K), 0.0219776 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 203804K->203860K(334336K), 0.0287066 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 241236K->241356K(337920K), 0.0252992 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 278732K->278916K(354816K), 0.0359923 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 278916K->277284K(400384K), 1.5867443 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 325412K->325695K(404992K), 0.0360435 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 325695K->325411K(449024K), 0.7776627 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 373539K->373719K(449024K), 0.0383219 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 373719K->373537K(493056K), 0.8760845 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 414497K->414792K(506368K), 0.0410957 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 414792K->414495K(553472K), 0.9881370 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 455455K->455705K(549376K), 0.0421990 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 491545K->491545K(557568K), 0.0329242 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 491545K->491290K(604160K), 1.1687245 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 527130K->527471K(621568K), 0.0546765 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 527471K->527127K(676864K), 1.2818099 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 565527K->565750K(679424K), 0.0519078 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 604150K->604174K(669184K), 0.0404352 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 623630K->623910K(690176K), 0.0469939 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 623910K->623379K(753152K), 1.6304653 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 642835K->643153K(751616K), 0.0642752 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 655441K->655473K(760832K), 0.0408013 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 667761K->667761K(760320K), 0.0448666 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 668273K->668273K(773632K), 0.0452070 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 668785K->668785K(784896K), 0.0464397 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 669297K->669297K(785408K), 0.0455053 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 669809K->669841K(799232K), 0.0461530 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 670353K->670401K(696320K), 0.0496845 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 670401K->669956K(762880K), 1.6411686 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 670468K->670818K(855552K), 0.0602765 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 671842K->671778K(721408K), 0.0332749 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 672802K->672770K(846848K), 0.0333530 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 674306K->674426K(711680K), 0.0328486 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 674426K->674045K(778240K), 0.6690573 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 675581K->675704K(913408K), 0.0583846 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 676216K->676184K(914944K), 0.0275571 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 676696K->676760K(912896K), 0.0276851 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 677784K->677768K(744448K), 0.0277325 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 678792K->678824K(903168K), 0.0281344 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 680360K->680360K(747520K), 0.0280448 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 681896K->681896K(889856K), 0.0294963 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 683944K->683912K(751616K), 0.0298778 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 685960K->685992K(874496K), 0.0305114 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 688552K->688616K(756736K), 0.0308301 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 691176K->691144K(860160K), 0.0315098 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 694728K->694696K(763904K), 0.0317261 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 698280K->698312K(844800K), 0.0324186 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 702920K->702952K(773120K), 0.0329357 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 707560K->707616K(834048K), 0.0336230 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 713248K->713264K(782336K), 0.0331354 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 718896K->718928K(835072K), 0.0336960 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 726096K->726200K(836608K), 0.0341606 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 733368K->733344K(836608K), 0.0368486 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 740000K->740064K(838656K), 0.0377613 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 746720K->746768K(839680K), 0.0393101 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 750864K->750864K(843776K), 0.0390566 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 754960K->755064K(845312K), 0.0392218 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 756600K->756640K(848896K), 0.0383347 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 758176K->758208K(850432K), 0.0379328 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 759232K->759200K(804864K), 0.0378035 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 760224K->760304K(846848K), 0.0400614 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 761840K->761848K(795136K), 0.0382733 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 763384K->763432K(835584K), 0.0364710 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 765480K->765568K(787968K), 0.0364749 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 767616K->767632K(834048K), 0.0357376 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 767632K->766656K(881152K), 1.1594624 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 769216K->769444K(882688K), 0.0689485 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 772004K->772044K(884224K), 0.0334374 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 775116K->775188K(884224K), 0.0350246 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 778260K->778300K(881664K), 0.0336294 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 782396K->782396K(810496K), 0.0337357 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 786492K->786524K(877056K), 0.0349286 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 791644K->791684K(816640K), 0.0353728 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 796804K->796876K(869888K), 0.0359552 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 803020K->803068K(820736K), 0.0366515 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) 803068K->802478K(869888K), 1.8098995 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 808622K->808797K(913920K), 0.0726835 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 815965K->815997K(872448K), 0.0363674 secs]
Done
如您所见，JVM大部分时间都花在重复尝试垃圾收集上。这是因为JVM将在增加堆大小之前首先尝试收集垃圾。您可以通过指示JVM从适当大的堆开始来避免这种情况。再次假设使用Oracle JVM，您可以通过在命令行上提供-Xms1g来实现。然后，输出要短得多：
Test
[GC (Allocation Failure) 511K->496K(1048064K), 0.0007194 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 1008K->904K(1048064K), 0.0014771 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 1416K->1456K(1048064K), 0.0011328 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 1968K->1996K(1048576K), 0.0011072 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 3020K->3068K(1048576K), 0.0011904 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 4092K->4252K(1051136K), 0.0012557 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 6300K->6148K(1051136K), 0.0033741 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 8196K->8228K(1054208K), 0.0032742 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 11812K->11852K(1054720K), 0.0049498 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 15436K->15604K(1058304K), 0.0042598 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 20724K->20772K(1059328K), 0.0058598 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 25892K->25972K(1062400K), 0.0061824 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 33652K->33700K(1062912K), 0.0076966 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 41380K->41476K(1067520K), 0.0083110 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 52740K->52620K(1068544K), 0.0101210 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 63884K->64060K(1079808K), 0.0126912 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 81468K->81436K(1080832K), 0.0131405 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 98844K->99052K(1093120K), 0.0189248 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 121580K->121684K(1095168K), 0.0154816 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 144212K->144308K(1105408K), 0.0233011 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 173492K->173556K(1107968K), 0.0199322 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 202740K->202860K(1120768K), 0.0276851 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 240236K->240396K(1124352K), 0.0240986 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 277772K->277908K(1140736K), 0.0352077 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 326036K->326180K(1145344K), 0.0325568 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 374308K->374484K(1161728K), 0.0419046 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 431316K->431548K(1167872K), 0.0383821 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 488380K->488580K(1187328K), 0.0488973 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 556676K->556860K(1193472K), 0.0427763 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 624956K->625220K(1216000K), 0.0556787 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 706628K->706852K(1223168K), 0.0524774 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) 788260K->788492K(1249792K), 0.0675712 secs]
Done
特别是，没有任何主要的垃圾收集，并且该程序仅用很少的CPU时间即可完成。
当然，如果在程序执行过程中反复创建如此大的数组，则会发生垃圾回收，并且其他内核的临时使用可能仍然是一个问题。在那种情况下，我建议通过其配置选项调整垃圾收集器，以某种方式诱使JVM相信可用内核更少，或者在操作系统级别限制活动JVM线程的数量。
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