使用buildah，我正在尝试构建一个容器映像，该映像只应包含程序cowsay及其依赖项。我在没有 root 权限的Fedora 29计算机上执行此操作。而不是使用 Dockerfile 和命令buildah build-using-dockerfile（又名buildah bud）我想
/usr/bin/dnf我的主机系统上直接安装包到文件系统的挂载点下。该命令buildah from scratch创建了一个空容器，但是当我尝试挂载文件系统时出现错误
[testuser@linux ~]$ container=$(buildah from scratch)
[testuser@linux ~]$ mnt=$(buildah mount $container)
cannot mount using driver overlay in rootless mode
ERRO[0000] exit status 1
[testuser@linux ~]$
更多信息
[testuser@linux ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Fedora release 29 (Twenty Nine)
[testuser@linux ~]$ buildah --version
buildah version 1.6 (image-spec 1.0.0, runtime-spec 1.0.0)
[testuser@linux ~]$
出了什么问题？如何以非 root 用户身份从头开始构建容器映像？
buildah unshare需要创建一个非共享环境。这是缺失的，导致错误消息无法在无根模式下使用驱动程序覆盖挂载。
要构建容器映像，请使用此内容创建文件build.sh
container=$(buildah from scratch)
mnt=$(buildah mount $container)
LC_ALL=C dnf install --installroot $mnt --release 29 --setopt=install_weak_deps=False -q -y cowsay
LC_ALL=C dnf --installroot $mnt clean all
buildah umount $container
buildah commit $container cowsay-container1
然后在unshare环境中运行脚本build.sh
[testuser@linux ~]$ buildah unshare bash build.sh
列出所有镜像以查看新构建的容器镜像
[testuser@linux ~]$ buildah images
IMAGE NAME IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID CREATED AT SIZE
localhost/cowsay-container1 latest 9d9b88a8d5f1 Feb 18, 2019 17:26 307 MB
[testuser@linux ~]$
尝试运行新构建的容器镜像
[testuser@linux ~]$ podman run localhost/cowsay-container1 cowsay hello
_______
< hello >
-------
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
[testuser@linux ~]$
所述build.sh脚本可以通过加入一些来提高buildah config命令提供一些元数据信息（例如，buildah config --created-by和buildah config --cmd）。
除了使用脚本build.sh构建容器映像之外，还可以进入unshare环境并手动运行构建命令。
[testuser@linux ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Fedora release 29 (Twenty Nine)
[testuser@linux ~]$ buildah unshare
[root@linux ~]# container=$(buildah from scratch)
[root@linux ~]# mnt=$(buildah mount $container)
[root@linux ~]# LC_ALL=C dnf install --installroot $mnt --release 29 --setopt=install_weak_deps=False -q -y cowsay
warning: /home/testuser/.local/share/containers/storage/overlay/cc67b957fb78eebe6a861a8b69ef4728d0660a636645813224b6ba94fbc80ce0/merged/var/cache/dnf/updates-0b4cc238d1aa4ffe/packages/bash-4.4.23-6.fc29.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 429476b4: NOKEY
Importing GPG key 0x429476B4:
Userid : "Fedora 29 (29) <[email protected]>"
Fingerprint: 5A03 B4DD 8254 ECA0 2FDA 1637 A20A A56B 4294 76B4
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-29-x86_64
[root@linux ~]# LC_ALL=C dnf --installroot $mnt clean all
33 files removed
[root@linux ~]# buildah umount $container
020ee8e3fb29274a306c441770d2458c732e84076cc0487ce6ea06ac957640d4
[root@linux ~]# buildah commit $container cowsay-container2
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob b3fbecd80150: 292.45 MiB / 292.45 MiB [========================] 2s
Copying config 8aa2ad2933ce: 263 B / 263 B [================================] 0s
Writing manifest to image destination
Storing signatures
8aa2ad2933ce33c8ed8b7551c4a3261177ebd811c9b813b40d5ea77536ac6ef5
[root@linux ~]# exit
exit
[testuser@linux ~]$ buildah images
IMAGE NAME IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID CREATED AT SIZE
localhost/cowsay-container1 latest 9d9b88a8d5f1 Feb 18, 2019 17:26 307 MB
localhost/cowsay-container2 latest 8aa2ad2933ce Feb 18, 2019 17:47 307 MB
[testuser@linux ~]$ podman run localhost/cowsay-container2 cowsay hello
_______
< hello >
-------
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
[testuser@linux ~]$
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我来说两句