我在联想机器上安装了 Ubuntu 20.04（Windows 10/kali 2020.4 三重启动）。这是我的硬件信息：
我的 Windows 在 4-5 秒内启动，而 ubuntu 已经用了 8-10 分钟了一个月左右，我不知道如何调试。
我跑了dmesg，得到以下日志
[ 2.556631] audit: type=1400 audit(1616666280.585:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-xpdfimport" pid=651 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 92.015617] kauditd_printk_skb: 37 callbacks suppressed
[ 127.766206] audit: type=1400 audit(1616646605.387:69): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" info="same as current profile, skipping" profile="unconfined" name="snap.snap-store.snap-store" pid=3756 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 473.393428] kauditd_printk_skb: 19 callbacks suppressed
的意义是什么
kauditd_printk_skb：37 个回调被抑制
systemd-analyse 输出：
Startup finished in 2.426s (firmware) + 7.991s (loader) + 1.468s (kernel) + 1min 51.594s (userspace) = 2min 3.480s
graphical.target reached after 1min 51.577s in userspace
systemd-analyze blame 输出 ：
21.031s plymouth-quit-wait.service
4.388s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
3.804s fwupd.service
1.730s snapd.service
1.488s fstrim.service
693ms snap-snapd-11107.mount
683ms snap-code-58.mount
619ms snap-core18-1944.mount
586ms snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1514.mount
423ms snap-core18-1988.mount
403ms snap-code-59.mount
363ms dev-nvme0n1p7.device
347ms systemd-logind.service
334ms snap-core-10859.mount
283ms dev-loop0.device
239ms snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1506.mount
237ms snap-snap\x2dstore-498.mount
213ms snap-canonical\x2dlivepatch-95.mount
213ms dev-loop2.device
204ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d34\x2d1804-60.mount
203ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d34\x2d1804-66.mount
200ms snap-snap\x2dstore-518.mount
193ms tuned.service
192ms dev-loop3.device
181ms dev-loop8.device
175ms systemd-resolved.service
165ms dev-loop4.device
165ms networkd-dispatcher.service
151ms systemd-timesyncd.service
148ms udisks2.service
138ms dev-loop11.device
127ms dev-loop5.device
120ms systemd-rfkill.service
117ms accounts-daemon.service
111ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-05cdca1f\x2d6222\x2d4ec0\x2d8675\x2d862db39f842a.service
104ms upower.service
101ms apparmor.service
96ms [email protected]
88ms dev-loop9.device
88ms dev-loop7.device
87ms dev-loop12.device
79ms systemd-journal-flush.service
77ms dev-loop13.device
72ms dev-loop6.device
69ms systemd-journald.service
66ms polkit.service
66ms bluetooth.service
65ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
65ms avahi-daemon.service
61ms NetworkManager.service
60ms switcheroo-control.service
58ms systemd-udevd.service
52ms snap-core-10908.mount
51ms keyboard-setup.service
systemd-analyze critical-chain 输出 ：
graphical.target @1min 51.577s
└─multi-user.target @1min 51.577s
└─snapd.seeded.service @1min 35.340s +21ms
└─basic.target @1min 30.453s
└─sockets.target @1min 30.452s
└─snapd.socket @1min 30.451s +651us
└─sysinit.target @1min 30.439s
└─systemd-timesyncd.service @1.091s +151ms
└─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @1.067s +21ms
└─local-fs.target @1.063s
└─run-snapd-ns-snap\x2dstore.mnt.mount @1min 35.053s
└─run-snapd-ns.mount @1min 34.150s
└─local-fs-pre.target @351ms
└─keyboard-setup.service @300ms +51ms
└─systemd-journald.socket @296ms
└─system.slice @294ms
└─-.slice @294ms
cat /etc/fstab 输出：
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/nvme0n1p7 during installation
UUID=e1e7a401-980c-44c4-9567-cf04951b42a2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/nvme0n1p8 during installation
UUID=05cdca1f-6222-4ec0-8675-862db39f842a /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
# /boot/efi was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during installation
UUID=C0A5-904E /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# swap was on /dev/nvme0n1p9 during installation
UUID=56534486-e9b5-4a7b-b03d-71f87ad9d8df none swap sw 0 0
我很新，我该如何解决这个启动延迟？
结果不知怎的UUID，我在这里的swap partition那个被/dev/nvme0n1p9改变了。我安装gparted以检查我的交换分区 ( /dev/nvme0n1p9)的 UUID ，在 中更改它/etc/fstab，现在启动过程工作正常，大约需要 5-6 秒。检查这个慢启动 - “一个启动作业正在运行 dev-disk-by...”解决方案以获取更多信息。
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我来说两句