Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 中一致的只读文件系统

debugcn 发表于 Dev

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我一直遇到系统进入只读状态的问题。我可以做其他问题中描述的修复（比如只读文件系统错误），这可以修复 ~ 一天。但是每天启动时问题都会回来。

我在这里的问题不是如何解决它，而是有什么方法可以让我诊断出可能导致这种情况的特定软件？

编辑：

在下面添加 syslog 输出，通过对这些错误消息进行一些搜索，我的理解是没有什么特别的事情会这样做；它只是一再无法找到好的块（即垂死的驱动器）？？

Jun 26 10:03:53 mal NetworkManager[1298]: <info>  [1593180233.9376] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_GLOBAL
Jun 26 10:04:03 mal systemd[1]: NetworkManager-dispatcher.service: Succeeded.
Jun 26 10:04:24 mal anacron[1290]: Job `cron.daily' terminated
Jun 26 10:04:24 mal anacron[1290]: Normal exit (1 job run)
Jun 26 10:04:24 mal systemd[1]: anacron.service: Succeeded.
Jun 26 10:05:01 mal CRON[7965]: (root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1)
Jun 26 10:07:00 mal systemd-resolved[1282]: Server returned error NXDOMAIN, mitigating potential DNS violation DVE-2018-0001, retrying transaction with reduced feature level UDP.
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.845356] ata1.00: READ LOG DMA EXT failed, trying PIO
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.846653] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1000000 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.846656] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.846659] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.846663] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:c0:e8:47:91/00:00:14:00:00/40 tag 24 ncq dma 4096 in
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.846663]          res 41/40:00:ec:47:91/00:00:14:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.846665] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.846666] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852714] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852746] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852749] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852752] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852755] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 14 91 47 e8 00 00 08 00
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852758] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 345065452 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x3000 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852779] ata1: EH complete
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852805] EXT4-fs warning (device sda2): htree_dirblock_to_tree:997: inode #10763504: lblock 0: comm duplicity: error -5 reading directory block
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950532] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x3 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950534] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950536] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950538] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:e8:47:91/00:00:14:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq dma 4096 in
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950538]          res 41/40:00:ec:47:91/00:00:14:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950539] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950540] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.956788] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.956808] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.956810] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.956811] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.956813] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 14 91 47 e8 00 00 08 00
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.956814] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 345065452 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x3000 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.956838] ata1: EH complete
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.956840] EXT4-fs error (device sda2): __ext4_find_entry:1531: inode #10763504: comm deja-dup: reading directory lblock 0

6 月 29 日更新

边注; 自从我从桌面上拔下 Kindle 以来，这个错误已经 3 天多没有发生了。我不知道这是否与此有关；但只是在这里提到它给那些更了解的人。

从 live CD 启动：检查驱动器的输出

此外，smartctl 输出。我似乎无法-t long真正完成测试，但简短的测试似乎没问题。

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda2
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-26-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Marvell based SanDisk SSDs
Device Model:     SanDisk SSD PLUS 1000GB
Serial Number:    190532802370
LU WWN Device Id: 5 001b44 8b92df610
Firmware Version: UH5100RL
User Capacity:    1,000,207,286,272 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Mon Jun 29 23:21:35 2020 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (  120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x15) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    No Auto Offline data collection support.
                    Abort Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    No Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    No Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 182) minutes.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       3921
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       353
165 Total_Write/Erase_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1045
166 Min_W/E_Cycle           0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       4
167 Min_Bad_Block/Die       0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       0
168 Maximum_Erase_Cycle     0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       14
169 Total_Bad_Block         0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       1688
170 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       0
171 Program_Fail_Count      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
172 Erase_Fail_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
173 Avg_Write/Erase_Count   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4
174 Unexpect_Power_Loss_Ct  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       17
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       34
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       0
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   065   055   000    Old_age   Always       -       35 (Min/Max 17/55)
199 SATA_CRC_Error          0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       0
230 Perc_Write/Erase_Count  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       610 80 610
232 Perc_Avail_Resrvd_Space 0x0033   100   100   005    Pre-fail  Always       -       100
233 Total_NAND_Writes_GiB   0x0032   100   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       4201
234 Perc_Write/Erase_Ct_BC  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       16347
241 Total_Writes_GiB        0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       6893
242 Total_Reads_GiB         0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       3558
244 Thermal_Throttle        0x0032   000   100   ---    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3921         -
# 2  Extended offline    Fatal or unknown error        90%      3920         0
# 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3919         -
# 4  Extended offline    Fatal or unknown error        90%      3889         0
# 5  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
# 6  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
# 7  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
# 8  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
# 9  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#10  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#11  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#12  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#13  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#14  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#15  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#16  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#17  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#18  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#19  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#20  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -
#21  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 90%      3888         -

Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported

海尼玛

fsck

在“Try Ubuntu”模式下启动到 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
terminal按Ctrl+ Alt+打开一个窗口T
类型 sudo fdisk -l
确定您的“Linux 文件系统”的 /dev/sdXX 设备名称
键入sudo fsck -f /dev/sda2，替换sdXX为您之前找到的数字
fsck如果有错误，请重复该命令
类型 reboot

NCQ

您有 NCQ 错误。 ~~以及扇区 345065452 上可能出现的错误。~~

Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950536] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950538] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:e8:47:91/00:00:14:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq dma 4096 in
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950538]          res 41/40:00:ec:47:91/00:00:14:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950539] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.950540] ata1.00: error: { UNC }

Jun 26 10:07:07 mal kernel: [  529.852758] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 345065452 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x3000 phys_seg 1 prio class 0

本机命令队列 (NCQ) 是串行 ATA 协议的扩展，允许硬盘驱动器在内部优化执行接收到的读取和写入命令的顺序。

这样做是为了修复 NCQ 错误...

编辑sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub并更改以下行以包含此额外参数。然后sudo update-grub将更改写入磁盘。重启。监视器挂起，并观察/var/log/syslog或dmesg继续出现错误消息。

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash libata.force=noncq"

~~坏阻塞~~

如果在 NCQ 补丁后错误仍然存在，那么...

注意：不要中止坏块扫描！

注意：不要坏块 SSD

注意：首先备份您的重要文件！

注意：这将需要很多小时

注意：您可能有待处理的 HDD 故障

在“Try Ubuntu”模式下启动到 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB。

在terminal...

sudo fdisk -l # 识别所有“Linux 文件系统”分区

~~sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX # 只读测试~~

或者

sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sda2# 无损读/写测试（推荐）

-k 很重要，因为它保存了之前的坏块表，并将任何新的坏块添加到该表中。如果没有 -k，您将丢失所有先前的坏块信息。

-fccky 参数...

-f Force checking even if the file system seems clean. -c This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program to do a read-only scan of the device in order to find any bad blocks. If any bad blocks are found, they are added to the bad block inode to prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐ tory. If this option is specified twice, then the bad block scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test. -k When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks found by running badblocks(8) will be added to the existing bad blocks list. -y Assume an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be used non-interactively. This option may not be specified at the same time as the -n or -p options.

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编辑于2021-07-20

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