我是 Django 的新手,想用 OneToOne 字段扩展我的用户模型(似乎是最推荐的),我还有一个 ManyToManyField 是强制性的。下面是我的 models.py :
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.postgres.fields import ArrayField
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
class Config_Table(models.Model):
entity_name = models.TextField(primary_key=True)
category = models.TextField()
description = models.TextField(blank=True,default='')
class Profile(models.Model):
"The Profile of a user with details are stored in this model."
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, max_length=11)
# The default username is phone number (Ver. 1.0)
phone_number = models.TextField(max_length=11,default=user)
avatar = models.ImageField(default='../Static/1.jpeg')
GENDER_CHOICES = (
('M','Male'),
('F','Female'),
)
gender = models.CharField(max_length=1,choices=GENDER_CHOICES)
city = models.TextField(max_length=25)
description = models.TextField(max_length=2000, blank=True, default='')
interests = models.ManyToManyField(Config_Table)
date_of_birth = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
USER_TYPES = (
('User','Normal User'),
('Leader','Tour Leader'),
('Admin','Administrator'),
)
user_type = models.TextField(choices=USER_TYPES, default='User')
join_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
official_docs = models.ImageField(default='../Static/1.jpeg')
group_name = models.TextField(blank=True,default='')
debit_card_number = models.IntegerField(blank=True, default=0)
MUSIC_CHOICES = (
('Rock','Rock Music'),
('Trad','Traditional Music'),
('Elec','Electronic Music'),
('Clas','Classical Music')
)
favorite_music = ArrayField(models.TextField(null=True,default=''),size=2)
使用 shell,我可以成功创建一个用户并分配一个如下所示的配置文件。表“Config_table”已填充一些初始数据:
>>> user = User.objects.create_user(username='12345678900')
>>> test = Profile.objects.create(user=user,gender='M',city='NY',user_type='User',favorite_music=['Trad'])
>>> test.save
<bound method Model.save of <Profile: <django.db.models.query_utils.DeferredAttribute object at 0x7f9f98e8a080>>>
>>> test.interests.add('Ski')
>>> test.save
<bound method Model.save of <Profile: <django.db.models.query_utils.DeferredAttribute object at 0x7f9f98e8a080>>>
现在我想让我的观点更容易一些。所以,我在这里和这里发现的我想使用 post_save 信号来创建一个 create_user 方法,该方法用一行完成上述所有操作:
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
Profile.objects.create(user=instance,gender=instance.gender,city=instance.city,user_type=instance.user_type,
favorite_music=instance.favorite_music)
Profile.interests.add(instance.interests)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.profile.save()
但是当我像下面这样尝试时。我得到错误:
user = User.objects.create_user(username='12345678900',gender='M',city='NY',interests='Ski',user_type='User',favorite_music=['Trad'])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/amir/.virtualenvs/Django/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 150, in create_user
return self._create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)
File "/home/amir/.virtualenvs/Django/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 142, in _create_user
user = self.model(username=username, email=email, **extra_fields)
File "/home/amir/.virtualenvs/Django/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 495, in __init__
raise TypeError("'%s' is an invalid keyword argument for this function" % kwarg)
TypeError: 'gender' is an invalid keyword argument for this function
似乎我错过了一些非常明显或非常愚蠢的东西。有人可以帮忙吗?我在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 上使用带有 Postgres 10.1 和 Python 3.7 的 Django 2.0.2。
编辑:我要执行上述操作的原因是让用户的主键和配置文件的主键相同,而不是像下面这样。以下是我从第一个答案中得到的示例(检查“id”和“user”字段):
>>> serial = ProfileSerializer(sample_profile,many=True)
>>> serial.data
[OrderedDict([('id', 13), ('first_name', ''), ('last_name', ''), ('phone_number', 'App.Profile.user'), ('avatar', '../Static/1.jpeg'), ('gender', 'M'), ('city', 'NY'), ('description', ''), ('date_of_birth', '2018-03-04'), ('user_type', 'User'), ('join_date', '2018-03-04T07:12:38.607959Z'), ('official_docs', '../Static/1.jpeg'), ('group_name', ''), ('debit_card_number', 0), ('favorite_music', ['Trad']), ('user', 18), ('interests', ['Ski'])])]
您的问题源于您的post_save
信号命名create_user_profile
不正确。该instance
变量是一个django.contrib.auth.models.User
实例。Profile
具有gender
属性的是模型,而不是django.contrib.auth.models.User
实例。您要做的基本上如下:
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
user = User.objects.get(pk=1)
print(user.gender) # Does not exist
您已经User
通过在模型profile
下面创建一个来扩展模型,但是您试图将User
模型视为Profile
模型,而事实并非如此。
就我个人而言,在我看来,您最好通过扩展 Django 的AbstractUser
. 当您拥有各种不同类型的个人资料时,个人资料是很好的,例如 Facebook、Google、员工等,它们将具有不同的属性。我看到的大部分内容应该足够常见,可以在自定义用户模型上使用:
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
USER = 0
LEADER = 1
ADMIN = 2
USER_TYPE_CHOICES = (
(USER, 'Normal User'),
(LEADER, 'Tour Leader'),
(ADMIN, 'Administrator'),
)
user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=USER_TYPE_CHOICES, default=User.USER)
# Your custom stuff here
我建议在开始编写 User 模型之前考虑您的数据库设计。以后会省去很多麻烦。
[题外话]:另外,值得一提的是,我在上面的示例模型中看到了一个主要问题。看来您打算将借记卡号码存储在数据库中。您的应用程序/组织必须遵循PCI DSS(支付应用程序数据安全标准)。这不是你想掉以轻心的事情。
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