当前使用 Qt 的 QTcpsocket 库和 python 3 的套接字类。我已经得到了 Qt 的 C++ Fortune 客户端/服务器示例来正确构建和运行。但是,它适用于都是 C++ 的客户端和服务器。要求是服务器正在运行 Python。
# Server.py
import socket
# ...
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(("localhost", 45000)
sock.listen(1) # queuing up 1 request for now.
(clientsocket, address) = sock.accept() # waits until client connects.
chunk = clientsocket.recv(1024).decode() # client is now connect
print(chunk) #prints out message from client
msg = "Hello from the server"
msg = str.encode(msg)
# send the message back to the client
clientsocket.sendall(msg)
和
// Client.h
#ifndef CLIENT_H
#define CLIENT_H
#include <QObject>
#include <QtNetwork/QtNetwork>
class Client : public QObject {
Q_OBJECT
public:
Client();
QTcpSocket *m_socket;
QHostAddress m_serverAddr = QHostAddress("127.0.0.1");
quint16 m_serverPort = 45000;
private:
QDataStream m_dataStream;
void testConnect();
};
#endif
和
// client.cpp
Client::Client() {
m_socket = new QTcpSocket(this);
m_dataStream.setDevice(m_socket);
m_dataStream.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_0);
testConnect();
}
void Client::testConnect() {
m_socket->abort(); // if m_socket is not already connected, this does nothing
m_socket->connectToHost(m_serverAddr, m_serverPort);
if (m_socket->waitForConnected(30000)) {
qDebug() << "Connected to server...";
m_socket->write("Hello server from client"); // is received!
m_socket->waitForBytesWritten();
m_socket->waitForReadyRead();
qDebug() << "Reading: " << m_socket->bytesAvailable();
m_dataStream.startTransaction();
QString nextFortune;
m_dataStream >> nextFortune;
if (!m_dataStream.commitTransaction()) {
qDebug() << "Read errors have occurred."; // prints when connected to python server. not desired behavior
m_socket->close();
return;
}
// This prints when running the Qt fortune c++ server, but not the python server (above).
qDebug() << "No read errors occurred during read transactions.";
qDebug() << nextFortune;
}
}
最终发生的是服务器毫无问题地从客户端接收消息,但是当服务器尝试使用 发送回复时clientsocket.sendall(msg)
,m_dataStream.commitTransaction()
返回false。我最初的直觉是 python 端的编码是错误的。QDataStream 是否需要特殊编码?
QDataStream::commitTransaction() 的文档:
bool QDataStream::commitTransaction()
完成一个读事务。
true
如果在事务期间没有发生读取错误,则返回;否则返回false
。
此外,运行后,这里是 C++ 客户端的输出:
Connected to server...
Reading: 25
Read errors have occurred.
当您想使用QDataStream
with 运算符时,>>
您必须遵循序列化格式。调用QDataStream.setVersion()
选择具体格式。
我已经能够找到的记录仅12版(从应用QDataStream::Qt_4_6
到QDataStream::Qt_4_9
)和版本13(QDataStream::Qt_5_0
)。
版本 12 和 13 具有相同的 QString 序列化格式:
> 如果字符串为空:0xFFFFFFFF (quint32)
> 否则:以字节为单位的字符串长度 (quint32) 后跟 UTF-16 格式的数据
当您调用m_dataStream >> nextFortune
它时,预计传入的数据将采用上述格式。
Python 中用于发送编码的代码QString
如下所示:
import struct
msg = "Hello from the server".encode("utf-16be")
clientsocket.sendall(struct.pack(">I", len(msg)) + msg)
str.encode("utf-16be")
- 以大端顺序将字符串编码为 UTF-16struct.pack(">I", len(msg))
-创建一个32位无符号整数包含编码的字符串的长度(I
在大端orderd)( >
)发送到 Qt 客户端的所有数据都是大端顺序,因为它是QDataStream
使用的隐式顺序。
我已经用 Qt 5.9 和序列化版本测试了代码QDataStream::Qt_4_0
。
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