Ubuntu 18.04 全新安装看不到声卡

刚刚安装了 Ubuntu 18.04 而不是 16.04（格式/和安装/home）以及 Windows 10。在 Windows 中一切正常，但看起来 Ubuntu 只是不想使用声卡。

我几乎遵循了我能找到的所有解决方案，但没有成功。

这是我在设置中得到的。

这是我在设置中得到的

目前我的系统中只有通过 HDMI 端口的声音。我已将免提电话连接到我的显示器，最终以这种方式发出声音，但这有点奇怪。

系统详情。

~$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Skylake Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 07)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Skylake PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 07)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Skylake Gaussian Mixture Model
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 31)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H Thermal subsystem (rev 31)
00:15.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H Serial IO I2C Controller #0 (rev 31)
00:15.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H Serial IO I2C Controller #1 (rev 31)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H CSME HECI #1 (rev 31)
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H SATA controller [AHCI mode] (rev 31)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f1)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev f1)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f1)
00:1d.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H PCI Express Root Port #11 (rev f1)
00:1e.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H Serial IO UART #0 (rev 31)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H LPC Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H PMC (rev 31)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H HD Audio (rev 31)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H SMBus (rev 31)
00:1f.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (2) I219-V (rev 31)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Tobago PRO [Radeon R7 360 / R9 360 OEM] (rev 81)
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Tobago HDMI Audio [Radeon R7 360 / R9 360 OEM]
03:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
05:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR9485 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)

~$ inxi -A
Audio:     Card-1 Advanced Micro Devices [AMD/ATI] Tobago HDMI Audio [Radeon R7 360 / R9 360 OEM]
           driver: snd_hda_intel
           Card-2 Intel Sunrise Point-H HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
           Card-3 Logitech Webcam C270 driver: USB Audio
           Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture v: k4.15.0-45-generic

:~$ cat /proc/asound/cards
 1 [U0x46d0x825    ]: USB-Audio - USB Device 0x46d:0x825
                      USB Device 0x46d:0x825 at usb-0000:00:14.0-12, high speed
 2 [HDMI           ]: HDA-Intel - HDA ATI HDMI
                      HDA ATI HDMI at 0xdfe60000 irq 135

$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 2: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

~$ groups $USER
max : max adm cdrom sudo audio dip video plugdev lpadmin pulse sambashare rvm

:~$ cat /etc/default/speech-dispatcher
# Defaults for the speech-dispatcher initscript, from speech-dispatcher

# Set to yes to start system wide Speech Dispatcher
RUN=no

:~$ grep audio /etc/group
audio:x:29:max,pulse

我已经尝试过但没有成功（在大多数步骤中重新启动）：

pulseaudio --start

...

rm -rf ~/.config/pulse/

...

sudo alsa force-reload

...

sudo sudo /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
## then add at the bottom
options snd-hda-intel model=auto

...

sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base
sudo apt-get remove --purge pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install alsa-base
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio
sudo alsa force-reload

...
killall pulseaudio; rm -r ~/.config/pulse/* ; rm -r ~/.pulse*
pulseaudio -k 

我还更新了声卡的驱动程序（按照本手册）。

alsamixer仅显示带有键alsamixer -c 1和 的混音器界面alsamixer -c 2，对于第一个设备“此声音设备没有任何播放控件。” （我知道这是我的网络摄像头）并且第二个设备的所有频道都取消了静音，这个是 HDA ATI HDMI。

我将不胜感激任何建议和帮助，因为我不知道发生了什么以及如何解决它。

UPD1

我尝试首先使用 18.04 从 Ubuntu Live USB 加载，而不是使用 16.04 Ubuntu 并且在这两种情况下都没有声音。Windows 仍然正常运行。

UPD2

在此线程中关于声音问题的最后一篇文章之后，我更新了主板的 BIOS。

你猜怎么着？Windows 好的，Ubuntu - 没有声音...将尝试 Ubuntu Live USB 版本。

UPD3

检查 Ubuntu Live USB 18.04 或 16.04 在 BIOS 更新后是否有声音。但不是。