即使更改了任务管理器的位置，

Short answer

Unfortunately this seems a "feature" baked into the Windows 10 UI.
As a partial workaround you can:
a) press Win+arrow to place Task manager at the (left or right) edge, then use the mouse to reduce the size from half-screen to what you need
b) during your work session, instead of closing task manager, minimize it. It will resume the position when you bring it back up.
c) unfortunately you'll have to repeat step a) every time you've logged out (or closed TM).
d) if you don't want to completely resize your task manager to "less than half screen size" every time, you might want to try PowerToys / FancyZones on github, which lets you customize the aero-snap window sizes in many ways. I haven't tried this out, though.

Some explanations

There's an old thread in the Display Fusion developer's forum which shows that the issue / or feature (?) exists since at least 2015.
It looks like it's a standard behaviour in Windows 10: if the developer wants to offer something else, it needs to be coded into the software:
if you look at the behaviour of a software like firefox, for example, you'll see that once you open it, it will first take a position just as task manager does: a few pixels from the edge of the screen. Then, some miliseconds later, the window will resize to occupy the position in which it was closed, going to the edge of the screen.

This is why my guess is: if the SW developer has not thought of it, you as user can't do anything. Only very few elements of the Win 10 UI are available through the registry, even less through the user interface.
Even the "themes" that are available through the Microsoft store really just a bunch of photos and maybe an 'accent color': a long long long way away from changing any design feature. So: with Win 10, Microsoft has a strong grip on the 'design' they choose.

另一个方面：如果将窗口置于屏幕外一半或两台显示器之间时关闭，则重新打开窗口时，它会被强制放回到屏幕上，就像“任务管理器”一样，离边缘几像素。因此，从根本上来说，这似乎是一种“用户友好”的行为。同样，基本的设计决策似乎是：“只有最大化的窗口才应该触摸屏幕的左边缘或右边缘”。在许多情况下，这可能是有道理的，因为通常它可以使UI更加清晰，但是在您的情况下，可以肯定，这是MS开发人员没有想到的痛苦。