带有TLSv1.2和转发保密性的Python粘贴SSL服务器

对于Mac OS X上的Python应用程序，我需要设置一个具有TLSv1.2，正向保密和不带RC4密码的HTTPS服务器。使用Paste和pyOpenSSL，我编写了以下代码：

from paste import httpserver
from OpenSSL import SSL

context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
context.use_privatekey_file("/Path/to/my/private.key")
context.use_certificate_chain_file("/Path/to/my/chain-cert.pem")
context.set_options(SSL.OP_NO_SSLv2)
context.set_options(SSL.OP_NO_SSLv3)
context.set_options(SSL.OP_SINGLE_DH_USE)
context.set_cipher_list("EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM:EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256:EECDH+aRSA+SHA384:EECDH+aRSA+SHA256:EECDH:EDH+aRSA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS:!RC4")
logger.debug("OPENSSL version: %s" % SSL.SSLeay_version(SSL.SSLEAY_VERSION))

httpserver.serve(app_logged, host=http_host, port=http_port, server_version=server_version, ssl_context=context, use_threadpool=True, threadpool_workers=15, request_queue_size=5)

但是Safari，Chrome和OpenSSL客户端无法连接到我的服务器，并显示错误“无共享密码”。那么，我做错了什么？

注意：Python（2.7.6）和OpenSSL（0.9.8）的默认OS X版本与TLSv1.2不兼容，因此我不得不从源代码编译OpenSSL 1.0.2和Python 2.7.10。

如果我检查我的OpenSSL密码列表，它会给我以下信息：

$ /usr/local/bin/openssl ciphers -V 'EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM:EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256:EECDH+aRSA+SHA384:EECDH+aRSA+SHA256:EECDH:EDH+aRSA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS:!RC4'
0xC0,0x2C - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2B - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x30 - ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2F - ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x24 - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA384
0xC0,0x23 - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA256
0xC0,0x28 - ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA384
0xC0,0x27 - ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA256
0xC0,0x14 - ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA    SSLv3 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x0A - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA  SSLv3 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x13 - ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA    SSLv3 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x09 - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA  SSLv3 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x9F - DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x6B - DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256   TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x39 - DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA      SSLv3 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x88 - DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x9E - DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x67 - DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256   TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x33 - DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA      SSLv3 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=AES(128)  Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x9A - DHE-RSA-SEED-SHA        SSLv3 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x45 - DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH       Au=RSA  Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1

而且我知道Safari 8与密码“ ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256”兼容，那么为什么会有“无共享密码”错误？

$ /usr/local/bin/openssl s_client -connect 192.168.0.17:4443 -tls1_2
CONNECTED(00000003)
140735274361680:error:14094410:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:sslv3 alert handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:1472:SSL alert number 40
140735274361680:error:1409E0E5:SSL routines:ssl3_write_bytes:ssl handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:656:
---
no peer certificate available
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 7 bytes and written 0 bytes
---
New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol  : TLSv1.2
Cipher    : 0000
Session-ID:
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key:
Key-Arg   : None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
Start Time: 1439975452
Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---

替代方法：如果我将密码列表更改为

context.set_cipher_list("HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS:!RC4:@STRENGTH")

它可以正常工作，浏览器和openssl客户端都能够与基于协议TLSv1.2的密码“ AES256-GCM-SHA384”建立安全连接，但它不是ECDHE密码（因此没有前向保密性）。

编辑正确答案：

对于DH密码，您需要使用PEM格式的DH参数文件，可以使用以下命令生成一个：

$ /usr/local/bin/openssl dhparam 2048 -out dhparams.pem

对于ECDHE密码，您将需要为SSL上下文设置椭圆曲线。您可以使用pyOpenSSL检索系统上的可用曲线：

OpenSSL.crypto.get_elliptic_curves()

这给了我们正确的以下python代码：

from paste import httpserver
from OpenSSL import SSL
from OpenSSL import crypto

context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
context.use_privatekey_file("/Path/to/my/private.key")
context.use_certificate_chain_file("/Path/to/my/chain-cert.pem")
context.load_tmp_dh("/Path/to/my/dhparams.pem")
context.set_tmp_ecdh(crypto.get_elliptic_curve("prime256v1"))
context.set_options(SSL.OP_NO_SSLv2)
context.set_options(SSL.OP_NO_SSLv3)
context.set_options(SSL.OP_SINGLE_DH_USE)
context.set_cipher_list("EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM:EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256:EECDH+aRSA+SHA384:EECDH+aRSA+SHA256:EECDH:EDH+aRSA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS:!RC4")
logger.debug("OPENSSL version: %s" % SSL.SSLeay_version(SSL.SSLEAY_VERSION))

httpserver.serve(app_logged, host=http_host, port=http_port, server_version=server_version, ssl_context=context, use_threadpool=True, threadpool_workers=15, request_queue_size=5)