更改Shell的PulseAudio输入/输出？

正如@ Teresa-e-Junior指出的pactl是要使用的工具：

首先，我们可能想要获取PA接收器的ID。在我的系统上，这是我得到的：

$ pactl list short sinks
0       alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-surround      module-alsa-card.c      s16le 6ch 44100Hz  SUSPENDED
1       alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo      module-alsa-card.c      s16le 2ch 44100Hz  RUNNING

Sink 1 is currently my default sink.
But now I want all my current and future streams to be played via HDMI (i.e. sink 0).

There is a command to set the default sink for PulseAudio, but it doesn't seem to have any effect on my PC:

$ pacmd set-default-sink 0 #doesn't work on my PC :(

Instead, new streams seem to be connected to the sink that had a stream moved to it most recently.

So let's tell pactl to move all currently playing streams to sink 0. We'll first need to list them:

$ pactl list short sink-inputs
290     1       176     protocol-native.c       float32le 2ch 44100Hz
295     1       195     protocol-native.c       float32le 2ch 44100Hz

Ok, we've got two streams (IDs 290 and 295) that are both attached to sink 1.
Let's move them to sink 0:

$ pactl move-sink-input 290 0
$ pactl move-sink-input 295 0

So, that should be it. Now we just have to make a script that does the work for us:

#!/bin/bash

if [ -z "$1" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <sinkId/sinkName>" >&2
    echo "Valid sinks:" >&2
    pactl list short sinks >&2
    exit 1
fi

newSink="$1"

pactl list short sink-inputs|while read stream; do
    streamId=$(echo $stream|cut '-d ' -f1)
    echo "moving stream $streamId"
    pactl move-sink-input "$streamId" "$newSink"
done

You can call it with either a sink ID or a sink name as parameter (i.e. either 0 or something like alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-surround).

Now you could attach this script to a udev event or key shortcut.