在不运行Python包的情况下检查它的内容？

因此，我最终写了一些方法，这些方法可以列出源文件中的所有内容，而无需导入源文件。

该ast模块似乎没有特别好的文档，因此这有点像PITA，试图弄清楚如何提取感兴趣的所有内容。尽管如此，经过大约6个小时的反复试验，今天我可以将其组合在一起并在计算机上的3000多个Python源文件上运行，而没有引发任何异常。

def listImportablesFromAST(ast_):
    from ast import (Assign, ClassDef, FunctionDef, Import, ImportFrom, Name,
                     For, Tuple, TryExcept, TryFinally, With)

    if isinstance(ast_, (ClassDef, FunctionDef)):
        return [ast_.name]
    elif isinstance(ast_, (Import, ImportFrom)):
        return [name.asname if name.asname else name.name for name in ast_.names]

    ret = []

    if isinstance(ast_, Assign):
        for target in ast_.targets:
            if isinstance(target, Tuple):
                ret.extend([elt.id for elt in target.elts])
            elif isinstance(target, Name):
                ret.append(target.id)
        return ret

    # These two attributes cover everything of interest from If, Module,
    # and While. They also cover parts of For, TryExcept, TryFinally, and With.
    if hasattr(ast_, 'body') and isinstance(ast_.body, list):
        for innerAST in ast_.body:
            ret.extend(listImportablesFromAST(innerAST))
    if hasattr(ast_, 'orelse'):
        for innerAST in ast_.orelse:
            ret.extend(listImportablesFromAST(innerAST))

    if isinstance(ast_, For):
        target = ast_.target
        if isinstance(target, Tuple):
            ret.extend([elt.id for elt in target.elts])
        else:
            ret.append(target.id)
    elif isinstance(ast_, TryExcept):
        for innerAST in ast_.handlers:
            ret.extend(listImportablesFromAST(innerAST))
    elif isinstance(ast_, TryFinally):
        for innerAST in ast_.finalbody:
            ret.extend(listImportablesFromAST(innerAST))
    elif isinstance(ast_, With):
        if ast_.optional_vars:
            ret.append(ast_.optional_vars.id)
    return ret

def listImportablesFromSource(source, filename = '<Unknown>'):
    from ast import parse
    return listImportablesFromAST(parse(source, filename))

def listImportablesFromSourceFile(filename):
    with open(filename) as f:
        source = f.read()
    return listImportablesFromSource(source, filename)

上面的代码涵盖了名义上的问题：如何在不运行Python程序包的情况下检查它的内容？

但这给您带来了另一个问题：我如何仅从其名称获取通往Python包的路径？

这是我为处理此问题而写的：

class PathToSourceFileException(Exception):
    pass

class PackageMissingChildException(PathToSourceFileException):
    pass

class PackageMissingInitException(PathToSourceFileException):
    pass

class NotASourceFileException(PathToSourceFileException):
    pass

def pathToSourceFile(name):
    '''
    Given a name, returns the path to the source file, if possible.
    Otherwise raises an ImportError or subclass of PathToSourceFileException.
    '''

    from os.path import dirname, isdir, isfile, join

    if '.' in name:
        parentSource = pathToSourceFile('.'.join(name.split('.')[:-1]))
        path = join(dirname(parentSource), name.split('.')[-1])
        if isdir(path):
            path = join(path, '__init__.py')
            if isfile(path):
                return path
            raise PackageMissingInitException()
        path += '.py'
        if isfile(path):
            return path
        raise PackageMissingChildException()

    from imp import find_module, PKG_DIRECTORY, PY_SOURCE

    f, path, (suffix, mode, type_) = find_module(name)
    if f:
        f.close()
    if type_ == PY_SOURCE:
        return path
    elif type_ == PKG_DIRECTORY:
        path = join(path, '__init__.py')
        if isfile(path):
            return path
        raise PackageMissingInitException()
    raise NotASourceFileException('Name ' + name + ' refers to the file at path ' + path + ' which is not that of a source file.')

一起尝试这两位代码，我有这个功能：

def listImportablesFromName(name, allowImport = False):
    try:
        return listImportablesFromSourceFile(pathToSourceFile(name))
    except PathToSourceFileException:
        if not allowImport:
            raise
        return dir(__import__(name))

最后，这是我在问题中提到的功能的实现：

def necessaryImportFor(name):
    packageNames = []

    def nameHandler(name):
        packageNames.append(name)

    from pkgutil import walk_packages
    for package in walk_packages(onerror=nameHandler):
        nameHandler(package[1])
    # Suggestion: Sort package names by count of '.', so shallower packages are searched first.
    for package in packageNames:
        # Suggestion: just skip any package that starts with 'test.'
        try:
            if name in listImportablesForName(package):
                return package
        except ImportError:
            pass
        except PathToSourceFileException:
            pass
    return None

这就是我度过星期日的方式。