带有OpenSSL的自签名证书，适用于家庭服务器，无域名

我把什么叫通用名？

出于两个原因，您将通俗名称（CN）用作友好名称。首先，它是通过工具显示给用户的，因此您需要诸如Example Widgets，LLC之类的东西。其次，主机名始终位于主题备用名称（SAN）中。IETF和CA / B论坛均不建议在CN中放置主机名。

有关更多规则和原因，请参阅如何与证书颁发机构签署证书签名请求和如何使用openssl创建自签名证书？

那么，如何针对这种情况创建自签名证书？

将该openssl实用程序与自定义配置文件一起使用。下面是一个示例。

你应该做两件事。首先，将DNS名称列表更改为username.noip.me和homeserver。其次，在更改证书中所需的名称后，运行以下命令：

openssl req -config example-com.conf -new -x509 -sha256 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes \
    -keyout example-com.key.pem -days 365 -out example-com.cert.pem

显然，您可以将配置文件的名称从example-com.conf更改为所需的任何名称。

另外，在家里，我运行自己的PKI。我有一个根CA，可以在需要时为我的网络上的设备颁发证书。所有设备都安装了根CA。我的内部域名称为home.pvt。网络上的主机被命名为，pine64.home.pvt，rpi3.home.pvt，solaris.home.pvt，windows10.home.pvt，等一切正常。

示例配置文件

# Self Signed (note the addition of -x509):
#     openssl req -config example-com.conf -new -x509 -sha256 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout example-com.key.pem -days 365 -out example-com.cert.pem
# Signing Request (note the lack of -x509):
#     openssl req -config example-com.conf -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout example-com.key.pem -days 365 -out example-com.req.pem
# Print it:
#     openssl x509 -in example-com.cert.pem -text -noout
#     openssl req -in example-com.req.pem -text -noout

[ req ]
default_bits        = 2048
default_keyfile     = server-key.pem
distinguished_name  = subject
req_extensions      = req_ext
x509_extensions     = x509_ext
string_mask         = utf8only

# The Subject DN can be formed using X501 or RFC 4514 (see RFC 4519 for a description).
#   Its sort of a mashup. For example, RFC 4514 does not provide emailAddress.
[ subject ]
countryName         = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default     = US

stateOrProvinceName     = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = NY

localityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default        = New York

organizationName         = Organization Name (eg, company)
organizationName_default    = Example, LLC

# Use a friendly name here because its presented to the user. The server's DNS
#   names are placed in Subject Alternate Names. Plus, DNS names here is deprecated
#   by both IETF and CA/Browser Forums. If you place a DNS name here, then you 
#   must include the DNS name in the SAN too (otherwise, Chrome and others that
#   strictly follow the CA/Browser Baseline Requirements will fail).
commonName          = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_default      = Example Company

emailAddress            = Email Address
emailAddress_default        = [email protected]

# Section x509_ext is used when generating a self-signed certificate. I.e., openssl req -x509 ...
#  If RSA Key Transport bothers you, then remove keyEncipherment. TLS 1.3 is removing RSA
#  Key Transport in favor of exchanges with Forward Secrecy, like DHE and ECDHE.
[ x509_ext ]

subjectKeyIdentifier        = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid,issuer

basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# RFC 5280, Section 4.2.1.12 makes EKU optional
# CA/Browser Baseline Requirements, Appendix (B)(3)(G) makes me confused
# extendedKeyUsage  = serverAuth, clientAuth

# Section req_ext is used when generating a certificate signing request. I.e., openssl req ...
[ req_ext ]

subjectKeyIdentifier        = hash

basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# RFC 5280, Section 4.2.1.12 makes EKU optional
# CA/Browser Baseline Requirements, Appendix (B)(3)(G) makes me confused
# extendedKeyUsage  = serverAuth, clientAuth

[ alternate_names ]

DNS.1       = example.com
DNS.2       = www.example.com
DNS.3       = mail.example.com
DNS.4       = ftp.example.com

# Add these if you need them. But usually you don't want them or
#   need them in production. You may need them for development.
# DNS.5       = localhost
# DNS.6       = localhost.localdomain
# DNS.7       = 127.0.0.1

# IPv6 localhost
# DNS.8     = ::1
# DNS.9     = fe80::1