I'm using a HP Z620 workstation.
My main hard drive is Ubuntu, and it was working fine. I physically removed the hard disk with Ubuntu on and put in a brand new hard disk, and tried to install another OS (not Windows) and that failed. So I took the new hard disk out and put my Ubuntu hard disk back in and expected it to work as before. Instead, I get a Windows blue EFI error screen saying I need to repair my computer?
Now, when I want to boot into my old Ubuntu disk, I have to put in a rEFIt USB boot loader to manually select the hard drive otherwise it won't boot. I'm sure I can fix it somehow, I'm just wondering what exactly happened here?
Thank you!
I have two hypotheses. The first is that the error message you report isn't actually a Windows message, but just something that's formatted in a style similar to what Microsoft uses. You haven't quoted it exactly or presented a screen shot, so it's impossible for us to judge precisely what it is.
我的第二个假设是，当您在第一个磁盘上安装Ubuntu时，您没有完全擦除EFI系统分区（ESP）中的Windows文件，该文件是引导加载程序驻留在基于EFI的计算机上。这不会立即引起问题，因为您的Ubuntu安装将NVRAM中的EFI变量设置为默认指向Ubuntu启动加载器（GRUB），因此未激活Windows启动加载器。但是，当您交换磁盘时，您的EFI注意到Ubuntu引导加载程序不可用，因此从NVRAM中删除了它的条目。换回磁盘时，固件将Windows引导加载程序的位置进行硬编码作为后备，因为它在NVRAM中没有可用的条目，并且Windows引导加载程序恢复了正常工作。
The second hypothesis seems more likely to me. If it's correct, the solution is to re-create your Ubuntu/GRUB boot loader entry. This can be done in any number of ways. The simplest from a computer perspective is to boot an emergency system and use a tool like bcfg (in an EFI shell) or efibootmgr (in Linux) to re-create that missing entry. This requires a moderate amount of expertise, though; see this page for a summary. A simpler solution from a human perspective is to use Ubuntu's Boot Repair tool, which will re-install GRUB and set the new GRUB as the default. Another option is to install another EFI boot loader; 有几种可用的解决方案，如果您对GRUB有问题，那么比修复GRUB容易得多，而另一种解决方案可能比修复GRUB容易，因为GRUB相当神秘且手动设置很复杂。
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