Python，字符串切片（从文件位置列表中获取文件名）

debugcn 发表于 Dev

马克·K

我正在尝试从文件位置列表中获取文件名。认为它涉及字符串切片。

我得出的结论是：

L = ['C:\\Design\dw\file4.doc',
'C:\\light\PDF\downloads\list.doc',
'C:\\Design\Dq\file4g.doc',
'C:\\Design\Dq\file4r.doc',
'C:\\Design\Dq\file4k.doc',
'C:\\Design\Dq\ole.doc',
'C:\\GE\easy\file\os_references(9).doc',
'C:\\mate\KLO\Market\BIZ\KP\who\Documents\REF.doc']

LL = []

for a in L:
    b = a.split('\')
    for c in b:
        if c.endswith('.doc'):
            c.replace('.doc', '')
            LL.append(c)

print LL

问题1：输出仍然包含“ .doc”。为什么，如何删除它们？

问题2：获取文件名的更好方法是什么？

谢谢。

痴呆的刺猬

第一个问题的答案是字符串是不可变的，.replace（）不会修改字符串，即：

blaize@bolt ~ $ python 
>>> s = "foobar"
>>> s2 = s.replace("o", "x")
>>> print s
foobar
>>> print s2
fxxbar

我对第二个问题的回答如下：

# I use ntpath because I'm running on Linux.
# This way is more robust if you know you'll be dealing with Windows paths.
# An alternative is to import from os.path then linux filenames will work 
# in Linux and Windows paths will work in Windows.
from ntpath import basename, splitext

# Use r"" strings as people rightly point out.
# "\n" does not do what you think it might.
# See here: https://docs.python.org/2.0/ref/strings.html.
docs = [r'C:\Design\dw\file4.doc',
        r'C:\light\PDF\downloads\list.doc',
        r'C:\Design\Dq\file4g.doc',
        r'C:\Design\Dq\file4r.doc',
        r'C:\Design\Dq\file4k.doc',
        r'C:\Design\Dq\ole.doc',
        r'C:\Design/Dq/test1.doc',  # test a corner case
        r'\\some_unc_machine\Design/Dq/test2.doc',  # test a corner case
        r'C:\GE\easy\file\os_references(9).doc',
        r'C:\mate\KLO\Market\BIZ\KP\who\Documents\REF.doc']

# Please use meaningful variable names:
basenames = []

for doc_path in docs:

    # Please don't reinvent the wheel.
    # Use the builtin path handling functions.
    # File naming has a lot of exceptions and weird cases 
    # (particularly on Windows).
    file_name = basename(doc_path)
    file_basename, extension = splitext(file_name)
    if extension == ".doc":
        basenames.append(file_basename)

print basenames