我有一个具有特定格式的句子。
<subject> <action> <object> @ <price> ... // The sentence can continue
我想从句子中提取这些值。
限制条件：
Bob或Alicebought或sold4apples应该返回NULLsubject但不能包含Bob/Alice。@例：
Hi there, Bob sold apples @2.0 dollars each
所需输出：
Subject: Bob
Action: sold
Object: apples
Price: 2.0
目前，我通过以下方式天真地做到这一点：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
sentence = "Hi there, alice sold apples @2.0 dollars each"
sentence = sentence.lower()
if 'alice' in sentence or 'bob' in sentence:
s_list = sentence.split(" ")
s_idx = -1
if 'bob' in sentence:
s_idx = s_list.index('bob')
elif 'alice' in sentence:
s_idx = s_list.index('alice')
if s_idx > -1:
Subject = s_list[s_idx]
Action = s_list[s_idx+1]
Object = s_list[s_idx+2] #more if/else to validate Object contraints
Price = s_list[s_idx+3] #more if/else to extract 2.0 if we get @2.0
print("Subject: {}, Action: {}, Object: {}, Price: {}".format(Subject, Action, Object, Price))
我该如何做得更好？可能使用re
您可以对每个元素使用带有命名捕获组的正则表达式：
import re
sentence = "Hi there, alice sold apples @2.0 dollars each"
values = re.search('(?P<subject>bob|alice)\s+(?P<action>bought|sold)\s+(?P<object>[A-Za-z]{1,7})\s+@\s*(?P<price>\d+(?:\.\d+)?)', sentence)
if values:
Subject = values['subject']
Action = values['action']
Object = values['object']
Price = values['price']
print("Subject: {}, Action: {}, Object: {}, Price: {}".format(Subject, Action, Object, Price))
这将输出
Subject: alice, Action: sold, Object: apples, Price: 2.0
注意，您可能需要提供re.I标志以re.search允许bob或Bob（或Sold或sold等）被匹配；在这种情况下，您可以取代[A-Za-z]中object与捕获组[a-z]。
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