Python：将变量从一个函数返回到另一个函数，而无需重新运行第一个函数

debugcn 发表于 Dev

X射线911

我是编程新手，还是python新手。我做了一些小项目（剪刀石头布和子手），没有重大问题。为了挑战自我，我试图连续进行4个游戏，而没有示例可作为基础。我创建了代表游戏某个步骤的多个功能。

功能（get_player_input）之一负责用户输入。我要求用户选择一列。然后，我检查多件事（从1到7是一个int值，列是否未满？）。如果输入有效，则返回变量column_select和free_places_column。我返回这些变量的原因是因为我想使用第二个函数（place_piece）来重用此信息以在游戏板上“放置一块”

这是我迷路的地方。我可以通过以下方式使用这些变量：column_select, free_places_column = get_player_input()但是，这段代码重新运行了该函数get_player_input。结果导致用户被问了两次，他想在哪一列中放一块。

到目前为止，我的代码：

# The game 4 in a row

# Define the game table with 6 rows and 7 columns
game_board = [[" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "]]


# print the game board
def printboard():
    print("|", game_board[0][0], "|", game_board[0][1], "|", game_board[0][2], "|", game_board[0][3], "|",
          game_board[0][4], "|", game_board[0][5], "|", game_board[0][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[1][0], "|", game_board[1][1], "|", game_board[1][2], "|", game_board[1][3], "|",
          game_board[1][4], "|", game_board[1][5], "|", game_board[1][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[2][0], "|", game_board[2][1], "|", game_board[2][2], "|", game_board[2][3], "|",
          game_board[2][4], "|", game_board[2][5], "|", game_board[2][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[3][0], "|", game_board[3][1], "|", game_board[3][2], "|", game_board[3][3], "|",
          game_board[3][4], "|", game_board[3][5], "|", game_board[3][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[4][0], "|", game_board[4][1], "|", game_board[4][2], "|", game_board[4][3], "|",
          game_board[4][4], "|", game_board[4][5], "|", game_board[4][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[5][0], "|", game_board[5][1], "|", game_board[5][2], "|", game_board[5][3], "|",
          game_board[5][4], "|", game_board[5][5], "|", game_board[5][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("  1   2   3   4   5   6   7")
    print()



def get_player_input():
    # set varaibles
    free_places_column = 0
    received_valid_input = False

    # Validate if player input is int and anywhere from 1 to 7. if not ask again
    while received_valid_input == False:
        try:
            column_select = int(input("Which column (1-7) do you want to drop the piece: "))
            if 0 < column_select < 8:
                for i in range(0, 6):
                    if game_board[i][column_select - 1] == " ":
                        free_places_column = free_places_column + 1
                if free_places_column == 0:
                    print("Column is full. please select an other column")
                else:
                    received_valid_input = True
            else:
                print('Please provide a number between 1 and 7')
        except ValueError:
            print('Wrong input. Please enter a number between 1 and 7')
        return column_select, free_places_column

def place_piece(player):
    column_select, free_places_column = get_player_input()
    print("Going to place a piece in column", column_select, "and row", free_places_column)
    if player == "A":
        game_board[free_places_column - 1][column_select - 1] = "X"
    else:
        game_board[free_places_column - 1][column_select - 1] = "O"


while True:
    printboard()
    get_player_input()
    place_piece("A")

当我运行此代码时，结果如下：

|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7

Which column (1-7) do you want to drop the piece: 1
Which column (1-7) do you want to drop the piece: 1
Going to place a piece in column 1 and row 6
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
| X |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7

我已经在互联网上搜索并观看了YouTube教程，其中介绍了如何将变量从一个函数重新调谐到另一个函数，但是我还没有找到如何处理这个问题的方法。我发现了一些可以解决我问题的方法，但是目前看来，没有一个方法可以解决：

使我的变量全局化->发现了很多人告诉其他人不要这样做
开始使用类->对我来说仍然是一个很难理解的概念。还有一种想解决这个问题而又不完全摆脱迄今为止的选择
抛弃函数并编写1条大代码->尝试学习使用函数

我还写了一小段代码来消除一些复杂性。希望使自己更容易理解：

def function1():
    a = 10
    b = 20
    print("We are in function 1")
    return a, b


def function2():
    a, b = function1()
    print(a, b)
    print("We are in function 2")


function1()
function2()

结果：

We are in function 1
We are in function 1
10 20
We are in function 2

有人能指出我正确的方向吗？

最好的祝福

合酶

# The game 4 in a row

# Define the game table with 6 rows and 7 columns
game_board = [[" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "]]


# print the game board
def printboard():
    print("|", game_board[0][0], "|", game_board[0][1], "|", game_board[0][2], "|", game_board[0][3], "|",
          game_board[0][4], "|", game_board[0][5], "|", game_board[0][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[1][0], "|", game_board[1][1], "|", game_board[1][2], "|", game_board[1][3], "|",
          game_board[1][4], "|", game_board[1][5], "|", game_board[1][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[2][0], "|", game_board[2][1], "|", game_board[2][2], "|", game_board[2][3], "|",
          game_board[2][4], "|", game_board[2][5], "|", game_board[2][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[3][0], "|", game_board[3][1], "|", game_board[3][2], "|", game_board[3][3], "|",
          game_board[3][4], "|", game_board[3][5], "|", game_board[3][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[4][0], "|", game_board[4][1], "|", game_board[4][2], "|", game_board[4][3], "|",
          game_board[4][4], "|", game_board[4][5], "|", game_board[4][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[5][0], "|", game_board[5][1], "|", game_board[5][2], "|", game_board[5][3], "|",
          game_board[5][4], "|", game_board[5][5], "|", game_board[5][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("  1   2   3   4   5   6   7")
    print()



def get_player_input():
    # set varaibles
    free_places_column = 0
    received_valid_input = False

    # Validate if player input is int and anywhere from 1 to 7. if not ask again
    while received_valid_input == False:
        try:
            column_select = int(input("Which column (1-7) do you want to drop the piece: "))
            if 0 < column_select < 8:
                for i in range(0, 6):
                    if game_board[i][column_select - 1] == " ":
                        free_places_column = free_places_column + 1
                if free_places_column == 0:
                    print("Column is full. please select an other column")
                else:
                    received_valid_input = True
            else:
                print('Please provide a number between 1 and 7')
        except ValueError:
            print('Wrong input. Please enter a number between 1 and 7')
        return column_select, free_places_column

def place_piece(player):
    column_select, free_places_column = get_player_input()
    print("Going to place a piece in column", column_select, "and row", free_places_column)
    if player == "A":
        game_board[free_places_column - 1][column_select - 1] = "X"
    else:
        game_board[free_places_column - 1][column_select - 1] = "O"
   

while True:
    printboard()
    place_piece("A")

我只是在您的True循环中删除了一行。

正如你所说get_player_input()的place_piece(player)功能，有noneed两次调用它。

您希望两个函数都以给定的顺序执行，但是由于get_player_input()嵌入在的代码中place_piece(player)，因此只需要执行即可place_piece(player)。

使用简单的示例：

def function1():
    a = 10
    b = 20
    print("We are in function 1")
    return a, b


def function2():
    a, b = function1()
    print(a, b)
    print("We are in function 2")

如果仅致电function2()，则输出为：

We are in function 1
10 20
We are in function 2

如果仅调用function1()，则输出为：

We are in function 1

如果您function1()依次致电，则function2()输出为：

We are in function 1
We are in function 1
10 20
We are in function 2

而且function2()，然后function1()：

We are in function 1
10 20
We are in function 2
We are in function 1

要通过在代码中调用两个函数来获得所需的内容，您需要：

def function1():
    a = 10
    b = 20
    print("We are in function 1")
    return a, b


def function2(a,b):
    print(a, b)
    print("We are in function 2")

a, b = function1()

function2(a,b)

你会得到：

We are in function 1
10 20
We are in function 2

使用完整的代码：

# The game 4 in a row

# Define the game table with 6 rows and 7 columns
game_board = [[" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "],
              [" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "]]


# print the game board
def printboard():
    print("|", game_board[0][0], "|", game_board[0][1], "|", game_board[0][2], "|", game_board[0][3], "|",
          game_board[0][4], "|", game_board[0][5], "|", game_board[0][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[1][0], "|", game_board[1][1], "|", game_board[1][2], "|", game_board[1][3], "|",
          game_board[1][4], "|", game_board[1][5], "|", game_board[1][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[2][0], "|", game_board[2][1], "|", game_board[2][2], "|", game_board[2][3], "|",
          game_board[2][4], "|", game_board[2][5], "|", game_board[2][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[3][0], "|", game_board[3][1], "|", game_board[3][2], "|", game_board[3][3], "|",
          game_board[3][4], "|", game_board[3][5], "|", game_board[3][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[4][0], "|", game_board[4][1], "|", game_board[4][2], "|", game_board[4][3], "|",
          game_board[4][4], "|", game_board[4][5], "|", game_board[4][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("|", game_board[5][0], "|", game_board[5][1], "|", game_board[5][2], "|", game_board[5][3], "|",
          game_board[5][4], "|", game_board[5][5], "|", game_board[5][6], "|")
    print("- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -")
    print("  1   2   3   4   5   6   7")
    print()



def get_player_input():
    # set varaibles
    free_places_column = 0
    received_valid_input = False

    # Validate if player input is int and anywhere from 1 to 7. if not ask again
    while received_valid_input == False:
        try:
            column_select = int(input("Which column (1-7) do you want to drop the piece: "))
            if 0 < column_select < 8:
                for i in range(0, 6):
                    if game_board[i][column_select - 1] == " ":
                        free_places_column = free_places_column + 1
                if free_places_column == 0:
                    print("Column is full. please select an other column")
                else:
                    received_valid_input = True
            else:
                print('Please provide a number between 1 and 7')
        except ValueError:
            print('Wrong input. Please enter a number between 1 and 7')
        return column_select, free_places_column

def place_piece(player,column_select,free_places_column):
    print("Going to place a piece in column", column_select, "and row", free_places_column)
    if player == "A":
        game_board[free_places_column - 1][column_select - 1] = "X"
    else:
        game_board[free_places_column - 1][column_select - 1] = "O"
   

while True:
    printboard()
    column_select, free_places_column = get_player_input()
    place_piece("A",column_select, free_places_column)

输出：

Which column (1-7) do you want to drop the piece: 2
Going to place a piece in column 2 and row 6
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   | X |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
| X | X | X |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7

Which column (1-7) do you want to drop the piece: 3
Going to place a piece in column 3 and row 4
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   | X |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
|   |   | X |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
| X | X | X |   |   |   |   |
- - + - + - + - + - + - + - -
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7

Which column (1-7) do you want to drop the piece:

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编辑于2021-04-5

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