Servlet 5.0 JAR在javax.servlet。*上引发编译错误，但Servlet 4.0 JAR不会

我正在尝试从命令行编译和部署一个简单的Web应用程序。

来自Apache Tomcat的servlet-api.jar不能编译我的java文件，但是来自maven中央存储库的javax.servlet-api-4.0.1可以成功编译它。即使这样，在部署应用程序并尝试在浏览器中使用它时也会出现错误。

我在用：

• javac 11.0.8
• Apache Tomcat 10.0（servlet-api.jar 5.0）

Java文件：

package com.example.controllers;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;

public class BeerSelect extends HttpServlet {
    
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response)
            throws IOException, ServletException {

        response.setContentType("text/html");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("Beer Selection Advice <br>");
        String c = request.getParameter("color");
        out.println("<br>Got beer color " + c);
    }               
} 

当我尝试使用servlet-api.jar进行编译时，我得到：

public class BeerSelect extends HttpServlet {
                                ^
  symbol: class HttpServlet
src\com\example\controllers\BeerSelect.java:9: error: cannot find symbol
        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
                           ^
  symbol:   class HttpServletRequest
  location: class BeerSelect
src\com\example\controllers\BeerSelect.java:10: error: cannot find symbol
                        HttpServletResponse response)
                        ^
  symbol:   class HttpServletResponse
  location: class BeerSelect
src\com\example\controllers\BeerSelect.java:11: error: cannot find symbol
                        throws IOException, ServletException {
                                            ^
  symbol:   class ServletException
  location: class BeerSelect
src\com\example\controllers\BeerSelect.java:3: error: package javax.servlet does not exist
import javax.servlet.*;
^
src\com\example\controllers\BeerSelect.java:4: error: package javax.servlet.http does not exist
import javax.servlet.http.*;
^
6 errors 

但是，javax.servlet-api-4.0.1成功编译了文件。注意：我已经测试并排除了命令行命令是导致此问题的可能原因。

当我将.class文件放在相应的Tomcat目录中，启动服务器并尝试与该应用进行交互时，出现以下异常：

Exception
jakarta.servlet.ServletException: Error instantiating servlet class [com.example.controllers.BeerSelect]

Root Cause
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/http/HttpServlet

Root Cause
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

我尝试将javax.servlet-api-4.0.1放置在Tomcat / lib目录中，但随后得到：

Exception
jakarta.servlet.ServletException: Class [com.example.controllers.BeerSelect] is not a Servlet

Root Cause
java.lang.ClassCastException: class com.example.controllers.BeerSelect cannot be cast to class jakarta.servlet.Servlet (com.example.controllers.BeerSelect is in unnamed module of loader org.apache.catalina.loader.ParallelWebappClassLoader @7862f56; jakarta.servlet.Servlet is in unnamed module of loader java.net.URLClassLoader @4b4523f8)

不确定最后一个步骤是否有意义，但我没有任何想法。

任何帮助都超过了欢迎！