我npm info用来获取我们自己的私有工件的现有版本列表，这些工件位于一个nexus 3 npm存储库中。对于新功能，我们使用预发行版本。
以下是我的完整数据集，列出了当前存在的所有版本：
[
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'2.2.30',
'2.2.31',
'2.2.32',
'2.2.33',
'2.2.34',
'2.2.35',
'2.2.36',
'2.2.37',
'2.2.38',
'2.2.39',
'2.2.40',
'2.2.41',
'2.2.42',
'2.2.43',
'2.2.44',
'2.2.45',
'2.2.46',
'2.2.47',
'2.2.48',
'2.2.49',
'2.2.50',
'2.2.51',
'2.2.52',
'2.2.53',
'2.2.54',
'2.2.55',
'2.2.56',
'2.2.57',
'2.2.58',
'2.2.59',
'2.2.60',
'2.2.61',
'2.2.62',
'2.2.63',
'2.2.64',
'2.2.65',
'2.2.66',
'2.2.67',
'2.2.68',
'2.2.69',
'2.2.70',
'2.2.71',
'2.2.72',
'2.2.73',
'2.3.0',
'2.3.1',
'2.3.2',
'2.3.3',
'2.3.4',
'2.3.5',
'2.3.6',
'2.3.7',
'2.3.8',
'2.3.9',
'2.3.10',
'2.3.11',
'2.3.12',
'2.3.13',
'2.3.14',
'2.3.15',
'2.3.16',
'2.3.17',
'2.3.18',
'2.3.19',
'2.3.20',
'2.3.21',
'2.3.22',
'2.3.23',
'2.3.24',
'2.3.25',
'2.3.26',
'2.3.27',
'2.3.28',
'2.3.29',
'2.3.30',
'2.3.31',
'2.3.32',
'2.3.33',
'2.3.34',
'2.3.35',
'2.3.36',
'2.3.37',
'2.3.38',
'2.3.39',
'2.3.40',
'2.3.41',
'2.3.42',
'2.3.43',
'2.3.44',
'2.3.45',
'2.3.46',
'2.3.47',
'2.3.48'
]
但是似乎npm在不同的预发行版本之间不会有所不同：
> npm info artifact@">=1.14.0-ft.0 <1.14.0-ft0" version
[
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.23'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.24'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.21'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.22'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.20'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.29'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.27'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.28'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.25'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.26'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.12'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.13'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.10'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.11'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.18'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.19'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.16'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.17'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.14'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.15'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-on-angular.4'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.45'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-on-angular.5'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.46'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-on-angular.2'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.43'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-on-angular.3'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.44'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-on-angular.0'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.41'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-on-angular.1'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.42'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.40'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.49'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.47'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.48'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.34'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.35'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.32'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.33'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.30'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.31'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.38'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.39'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.36'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.37'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.67'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.68'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.65'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.66'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.63'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.64'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.61'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.62'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.69'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.60'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.56'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.57'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.54'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.55'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.52'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.53'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.50'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.51'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.58'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.59'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.83'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.81'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.82'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.80'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.78'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.79'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.76'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.77'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.74'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.75'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.72'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.73'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.70'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.71'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.4'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.3'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.2'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.1'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.0'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.9'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.8'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.7'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.6'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.5'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-tracking.0'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-tracking.1'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft-tracking.2'
]
所需结果：
> npm info artifact@">=1.14.0-ft.0 <1.14.0-ft0" version
[
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.23'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.24'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.21'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.22'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.20'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.29'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.27'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.28'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.25'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.26'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.12'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.13'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.10'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.11'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.18'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.19'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.16'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.17'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.14'
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.15'
...
]
我不希望有任何结果，因为ft不等于ft-on-angular或ft-tracking。
如何实现至少仅选择ft预发行版本？
我已经尝试过使用类似选择器（）的semver计算器，>=1.0.0-rc.0 <1.0.0-rc0并且它仅选择1.0.0-rcX。如果我将选择器更新为>=1.0.0-r.0 <1.0.0-r0它不匹配任何内容。
“如何实现至少选择ft作为预发行版本？”
通过npm info命令，您将需要：
提供此比较器集以匹配-ft该1.14.0版本的所有预发行版：
npm info artifact @“ > = 1.14.0-ft.0 <1.14.0-ft-on-angular.0 ”版本
或者，提供此比较器集以匹配-ft该1.13.0版本的所有预发行版：
npm info artifact @“ > = 1.13.0-ft.0 <1.13.0-ft-on-angular.0 ”版本
或者，提供由两个比较器集组成的范围，以匹配和版本的所有-ft预发行版：1.13.01.14.0
npm infoartifact @“ > = 1.13.0-ft.0 <1.13.0-ft-on-angular.0 ||> = 1.14.0-ft.0 <1.14.0-ft-on-angular.0 ”版
注意：在确定用于匹配特定预发行版本的正确比较器时，确实需要通过SemVer优先级事先了解完整的数据集及其排序顺序。使用以下npm info命令将返回可用于给定工件/软件包的所有版本的列表（按SemVer优先级升序排列）：
npm info <package_name> versions
“我不希望有任何结果，因为
ft不等于ft-on-angular或ft-tracking。” 1个
为了进一步理解该npm info命令和给定的比较器集为什么>=1.14.0-ft.0 <1.14.0-ft0不能产生所需的存储列表，我们需要首先了解Semver规范在第11点中关于优先规则的规定。为方便起见，下面提供了第11点的副本：
注意：编号列表格式是我添加的。
优先级必须通过按以下顺序将版本分为主要，次要，补丁和预发行标识符来计算（Build元数据不优先）。
由左至右比较这些标识符中的每个标识符时，优先级由第一个差异确定，如下所示：
当主要，次要和补丁程序相等时，预发行版本的优先级低于普通版本。示例：1.0.0-alpha <1.0.0。
具有相同主要，次要和补丁版本的两个预发行版本的优先级，必须通过从左到右比较每个点分隔的标识符来确定，直到发现差异为止：
2.1。仅对由数字组成的标识符进行数字比较，然后
2.2。字母或连字符的标识符按ASCII排序顺序进行词法比较。
数字标识符的优先级始终低于非数字标识符。
如果所有前面的标识符都相等，则较大的一组预发布字段的优先级高于较小的一组。示例：1.0.0-alpha <1.0.0-alpha1 <1.0.0-alphabeta <1.0.0-beta <1.0.0-beta2 <1.0.0-beta.11 <1.0.0- rc.1 <1.0.0。
点1、2、3和4与您的OP特别相关，因为它们专门解决了关于一个semver中预发布字段/标识符的优先规则。
您使用的比较器集有什么不正确之处？
>=1.14.0-ft.0 <1.14.0-ft0
首先，我们应该注意这个比较器；<1.14.0-ft0，要求范围小于版本，1.14.0-ft0并且您的数据集不包含-ft0预发布版本。
但是，如果-ft0您的数据集中确实存在预发布标识符，则该标识符将大于现有1.14.0-ft-tracking.2和1.14.0-ft-on-angular.0存储的标识符，因此这就是为什么您获得的结果包括所有-ft-on-angular和ft-tracking预发布标识符的原因。
为了进一步说明这一点，请考虑下面的排序顺序（按升序排列）。请特别注意-ft0预发布标识符的优先级-显然比其他标识符大。
...
'1.14.0-ft.83',
'1.14.0-ft.84',
'1.14.0-ft.85',
'1.14.0-ft-on-angular.0',
'1.14.0-ft-on-angular.1',
'1.14.0-ft-on-angular.2',
'1.14.0-ft-on-angular.3',
'1.14.0-ft-on-angular.4',
'1.14.0-ft-on-angular.5',
'1.14.0-ft-tracking.0',
'1.14.0-ft-tracking.1',
'1.14.0-ft-tracking.2',
'1.14.0-ft0', <-------
...
现在，如果您考虑上述第2、3和4点（即我在Semver规范第11点摘录中指出的那些点），那么关于优先级规则，显而易见的是为什么要对数据集中的预发布标识符进行排序这条路：
特别是，请考虑2.2点的状态；
“带有字母或连字符的[[pre-release]标识符按ASCII排序顺序按词法进行比较”。
请注意，0结尾处的零（），1.14.0-ft0以及ASCII排序表中的零位置（如下所示）。将其与semver中的第二个连字符（-）1.14.0-ft-tracking.2以及ASCII排序表中的连字符位置进行比较。如您所见，零的（0）排序位置位于连字符（-）之后。这解释了为什么要1.14.0-ft0进行排序1.14.0-ft-tracking.2。
ASCII排序顺序表：
为方便起见，以下图表显示了ASCII字符的排序顺序：
──────────┬──────────────┬ ─────┬───────┐
│空间│ - （连字符） │：│ģ│Ť│一个│ñ│}│
│！│。│; │H│U│b│o│| | │
│“│/│<│我│V│Ç│p│{│
│＃│ 0 （零） │=│Ĵ│W¯¯│d│q│〜│
│$│1│>│ķ│X│电子│r│DEL││
％│2│？│L│Y│f│s│││
和│3│@
│M│Z│g│t│││'│4│A│N│[│h│ ü││
│（│5│乙│ö│\│我│v││
│）│6│C│P│]│j│w│││
*│7│D│Q│^
│k│x│││+
│8│E│R│_│l│y││││， │9│˚F│小号│`│米│ž││
└─────────┴──────────────┴─────┴──── ──┴──────┴──────┴─────┴────────┘
您会注意到，使用以下正确npm info命令时：
npm info artifact@">=1.14.0-ft.0 <1.14.0-ft-on-angular.0" version
它将结果打印到您的控制台，格式如下：
[email protected] '1.14.0-ft.1' [email protected] '1.14.0-ft.2' [email protected] '1.14.0-ft.3' ...
但是，如果要重新格式化结果以形成JSON数组，请考虑将输出管道传递给AWK，然后传递给node.js。例如，使用以下复合命令：
npm info artifact@">=1.14.0-ft.0 <1.14.0-ft-on-angular.0" version | awk -F "'" '{print $2}' | node -e "process.stdin.on('data', function(d) {console.log( JSON.stringify(d.toString().split('\n').filter(Boolean), null, 2) )});"
将会产生以下重新格式化的结果：
[
"1.14.0-ft.1",
"1.14.0-ft.2",
"1.14.0-ft.3",
...
]
脚注：
1 此期望有点类似于不期望数字，7并且8将从这组八个数字中返回；1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，限定用于该范围的边界时，要被捕捉为>=0 <10。
对于本问答的任何新读者，您可能有兴趣阅读此处评论中的讨论，这些评论是在提供此答案之前进行的。向@jwdonahue提出宝贵的意见。
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