Django import-export-让用户导入数据

我正在尝试使用django import-export来让用户导入自己的数据。我已经将其与管理员集成在一起，并且效果很好，但是我无法让用户导入端正常工作。

这是我的看法：

from .models import WordResource
from tablib import Dataset
from .models import Word
from django.contrib import messages

# Word import
def import_words(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        file_format = request.POST['file-format']
        word_resource = WordResource()
        dataset = Dataset()
        new_words = request.FILES['importData']

        if file_format == 'CSV':
            imported_data = dataset.load(new_words.read().decode('utf-8'),format='csv')
            result = word_resource.import_data(dataset, dry_run=True, raise_errors=True)
        elif file_format == 'XLSX':
            imported_data = dataset.load(new_words.read(),format='xlsx')
            result = word_resource.import_data(dataset, dry_run=True, raise_errors=True)

        if result.has_errors():
            messages.error(request, 'Uh oh! Something went wrong...')

        else:
            # Import now
            word_resource.import_data(dataset, dry_run=False)
            messages.success(request, 'Your words were successfully imported')


    return render(request, 'vocab/import.html')

我的WordResource：

from import_export import resources
from import_export.fields import Field
from import_export.widgets import ForeignKeyWidget

class WordResource(resources.ModelResource):
    target_word = Field(attribute='target_word', column_name='Russian')
    source_word = Field(attribute='source_word', column_name='Meaning')
    example_sentence = Field(attribute='example_sentence', column_name='Example sentence')
    fluency = Field(attribute='fluency', column_name='Fluency level')
    deck_name = Field(attribute='deck_name', column_name='Deck name')
    username = Field(attribute='username', column_name='username',widget=ForeignKeyWidget(User, 'username'))


    class Meta:
        model = Word
        fields = ("username", "target_word",'source_word','example_sentence',
        'fluency', 'deck_name',)
        import_order = fields
        skip_unchanged = True
        # exclude = ('id',)
        import_id_fields = ['username']

我的Word模型：

class Word(models.Model):
    target_word = models.CharField('Word in Russian',max_length=25,help_text="The word you want to add, in Russian")
    source_word = models.CharField('What does it mean?',max_length=25, help_text="Write down the translation in any language")
    add_to_word_list = models.BooleanField('Would you like to create a flashcard?', default=True)
    deck_name = models.CharField('Deck name', max_length=25)
    example_sentence = models.CharField(max_length=150,blank=True,help_text="It's important to learn words in context!")

    ## how well you know the word
    class Fluency(models.IntegerChoices):
        Beginner = 0
        Lower_intermediate = 1
        Upper_intermediate = 2
        Advanced = 3
    fluency = models.IntegerField(choices=Fluency.choices, help_text="How well do you know this word?",null=False)

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="words",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.target_word

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("vocab:detail",
        kwargs={"username": self.user.username, "pk": self.pk})

    class Meta:
        ordering = ["target_word"]

        constraints = [
            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['user','target_word', 'source_word'],name='unique_word')]

还有我的import.html模板：

{% extends "vocab/vocab_base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap %}

{% block content %}

{% if messages %}
<div class="messages">
   {% for message in messages %}
   <h3  {% if message.tags %} class=" {{ message.tags }} " {% endif %}> {{ message }} </h3>
   {% endfor %}
</div>

{% else %}

<h1> Import your words</h1>
<p>Here you can import your words from a csv or excel file.</p>

  <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
      {% csrf_token %}
      <input type="file" name="importData">
      <p>Please select the format of your file</p>
      <select name="file-format" class="form-control my-3">
          <option selected>Choose format...</option>
          <option>CSV</option>
          <option>XLSX</option>
        </select>
      <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Import</button>
    </form>
  <a href="{% url 'vocab:index' %}">Back</a>
{% endif %}
  {% endblock %}

奇怪的是，当我尝试使用csv文件而不是xlsx文件时，它最初似乎可以工作。然后，我仅对代码的xlsx部分进行了更改。它不仅不能解决问题，现在csv也不起作用。

注意-不是由于id列，因为我的测试上传文件中确实有一个空白的id列。

更新-我意识到我缺少用户字段，这是我的Word模型上的外键（非null）。因此，我添加了ForeignKeyWidget，但出现以下错误：NOT NULL constraint failed: vocab_word.user_id。即使添加带有用户ID的列，错误仍然存​​在。我怎样才能解决这个问题？

我的csv文件如下所示：

username;Russian;Meaning;Example Sentence;Fluency level;Deck name
testuser;word1;word2;one two three;1;new

实施Matthew的更改后的回溯：

Environment:


Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/vocab/import/

Django Version: 3.0.3
Python Version: 3.8.2
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'django.contrib.humanize',
 'rest_framework',
 'bootstrap4',
 'bootstrapform',
 'languages',
 'django_countries',
 'import_export',
 'django_tables2',
 'django_filters',
 'accounts',
 'vocab',
 'flash',
 'api',
 'django_cleanup.apps.CleanupConfig']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']



Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 396, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)

The above exception (NOT NULL constraint failed: vocab_word.user_id) was the direct cause of the following exception:
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\OneDrive\Documents\Coding\Russki\mysite\vocab\views.py", line 115, in import_words
    result = word_resource.import_data(dataset, dry_run=True, raise_errors=True)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\import_export\resources.py", line 627, in import_data
    return self.import_data_inner(dataset, dry_run, raise_errors, using_transactions, collect_failed_rows, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\import_export\resources.py", line 673, in import_data_inner
    raise row_result.errors[-1].error
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\import_export\resources.py", line 569, in import_row
    self.save_instance(instance, using_transactions, dry_run)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\import_export\resources.py", line 352, in save_instance
    instance.save()
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 745, in save
    self.save_base(using=using, force_insert=force_insert,
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 782, in save_base
    updated = self._save_table(
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 887, in _save_table
    results = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, returning_fields, raw)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 924, in _do_insert
    return manager._insert(
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1204, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(returning_fields)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1384, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 100, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 68, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 90, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\mvren\miniconda3\envs\myRuEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 396, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)

Exception Type: IntegrityError at /vocab/import/
Exception Value: NOT NULL constraint failed: vocab_word.user_id