从Spark-SQL-Streaming写入HDFS和S3时如何避免小文件问题

debugcn 发表于 Dev

工程师

我在我的项目中将spark-sql-2.3.1v和kafka与java8一起使用。用

--driver-memory 4g \
--driver-cores 2 \
--num-executors 120 \
--executor-cores 1 \
--executor-memory 768m \

在消费者方面，我试图使用类似下面的代码在hdfs中写入文件

                          dataSet.writeStream()
                                        .format("parquet")
                                        .option("path", parqetFileName)
                                        .option("mergeSchema", true)
                                        .outputMode("Append")
                                        .partitionBy("company_id","date")
                                        .option("checkpointLocation", checkPtLocation)
                                        .trigger(Trigger.ProcessingTime("25 seconds"))
                                        .start();

当我将其存储到hdfs文件夹中时，它看起来在下面，即每个文件大约1.5k +，即几KB。

$ hdfs dfs -du -h /transactions/company_id=24779/date=2014-06-24/
1.5 K  /transactions/company_id=24779/date=2014-06-24/part-00026-1027fff9-5745-4250-961a-fd56508b7ea3.c000.snappy.parquet
1.5 K  /transactions/company_id=24779/date=2014-06-24/part-00057-6604f6cc-5b8d-41f4-8fc0-14f6e13b4a37.c000.snappy.parquet
1.5 K  /transactions/company_id=24779/date=2014-06-24/part-00098-754e6929-9c75-430f-b6bb-3457a216aae3.c000.snappy.parquet
1.5 K  /transactions/company_id=24779/date=2014-06-24/part-00099-1d62cbd5-7409-4259-b4f3-d0f0e5a93da3.c000.snappy.parquet
1.5 K  /transactions/company_id=24779/date=2014-06-24/part-00109-1965b052-c7a6-47a8-ae15-dea301010cf5.c000.snappy.parquet

由于文件太小，需要花费大量的处理时间，而我从hdfs中读取了更大的数据集并计算了行数，然后导致了以下堆空间错误。

2020-02-12 07:07:57,475 [Driver] ERROR org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.ApplicationMaster - User class threw exception: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
        at java.util.Arrays.copyOfRange(Arrays.java:3664)
        at java.lang.String.<init>(String.java:207)
        at java.lang.String.substring(String.java:1969)
        at java.net.URI$Parser.substring(URI.java:2869)
        at java.net.URI$Parser.parse(URI.java:3049)
        at java.net.URI.<init>(URI.java:588)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.SinkFileStatus.toFileStatus(FileStreamSinkLog.scala:52)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.MetadataLogFileIndex$$anonfun$2.apply(MetadataLogFileIndex.scala:46)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.MetadataLogFileIndex$$anonfun$2.apply(MetadataLogFileIndex.scala:46)
        at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:234)
        at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:234)
        at scala.collection.IndexedSeqOptimized$class.foreach(IndexedSeqOptimized.scala:33)
        at scala.collection.mutable.ArrayOps$ofRef.foreach(ArrayOps.scala:186)
        at scala.collection.TraversableLike$class.map(TraversableLike.scala:234)
        at scala.collection.mutable.ArrayOps$ofRef.map(ArrayOps.scala:186)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.MetadataLogFileIndex.<init>(MetadataLogFileIndex.scala:46)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.DataSource.resolveRelation(DataSource.scala:336)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.loadV1Source(DataFrameReader.scala:223)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:211)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:167)
        at com.spgmi.ca.prescore.utils.DbUtils.loadFromHdfs(DbUtils.java:129)
        at com.spgmi.ca.prescore.spark.CountRecords.main(CountRecords.java:84)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.ApplicationMaster$$anon$2.run(ApplicationMaster.scala:684)
2020-02-12 07:07:57,533 [Reporter] WARN  org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.ApplicationMaster - Reporter thread fails 1 time(s) in a row.
java.io.IOException: Failed on local exception: java.nio.channels.ClosedByInterruptException; Host Details : local host is: dev1-dev.com":8030;
        at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.wrapException(NetUtils.java:805)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.getRpcResponse(Client.java:1497)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1439)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1349)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:227)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:116)
        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy22.allocate(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.impl.pb.client.ApplicationMasterProtocolPBClientImpl.allocate(ApplicationMasterProtocolPBClientImpl.java:77)
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor32.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler$Call.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:165)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler$Call.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:157)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler$Call.invokeOnce(RetryInvocationHandler.java:95)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:359)
        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy23.allocate(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.hadoop.yarn.client.api.impl.AMRMClientImpl.allocate(AMRMClientImpl.java:296)
        at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.YarnAllocator.allocateResources(YarnAllocator.scala:249)
        at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.ApplicationMaster.org$apache$spark$deploy$yarn$ApplicationMaster$$allocationThreadImpl(ApplicationMaster.scala:540)
        at org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.ApplicationMaster$$anon$1.run(ApplicationMaster.scala:606)
Caused by: java.nio.channels.ClosedByInterruptException
        at java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractInterruptibleChannel.end(AbstractInterruptibleChannel.java:202)
        at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.finishConnect(SocketChannelImpl.java:753)
        at org.apache.hadoop.net.SocketIOWithTimeout.connect(SocketIOWithTimeout.java:206)
        at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.connect(NetUtils.java:531)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupConnection(Client.java:687)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupIOstreams(Client.java:790)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.access$3500(Client.java:411)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.getConnection(Client.java:1554)

问题：

这些小文件会在火花处理中导致“小文件问题”吗？如果是这样，如何处理这种情况。

如果我要计算给定hdfs文件夹中的记录总数，该怎么办？

如何知道处理此类数据需要多少堆空间？

新变化之后

--driver-memory 16g \
--driver-cores 1 \
--num-executors 120 \
--executor-cores 1 \
--executor-memory 768m \

运行成功的结果是：

2020-02-12 20:28:56,188 [Driver] WARN  com.spark.mypackage.CountRecords -  NUMBER OF PARTITIONS AFTER HDFS READ : 77926
+--------------------+-----+
|SPARK_PARTITION_ID()|count|
+--------------------+-----+
|               24354|   94|
|               26425|   96|
|               32414|   64|
|               76143|   32|
|               16861|   32|
|               30903|   64|
|               40335|   32|
|               64121|   64|
|               69042|   32|
|               32539|   64|
|               34759|   32|
|               41575|   32|
|                1591|   64|
|                3050|   98|
|               51772|   32|
+--------------------+-----+

2020-02-12 20:50:32,301 [Driver] WARN  com.spark.mypackage.CountRecords -  RECORD COUNT: 3999708

板球运动员

是。小文件不仅是Spark问题。这会对您的NameNode造成不必要的负载。处理小型文件时，与担心OOM相比，应该花更多的时间压缩和上传较大的文件。您的文件小于64MB / 128MB，这表明您使用Hadoop的能力很差。
诸如此类的操作spark.read("hdfs://path").count()将读取路径中的所有文件，然后计算数据框中的行
没有固定编号。您需要对作业启用JMX监视，并查看达到的堆大小。否则，将您正在分配的当前内存任意加倍，直到开始没有OOM。如果您开始接近8GB，那么您需要考虑通过添加更多的并行化来减少每个作业中的数据读取。