我有一个小标题，其中一栏是字符串。它们是接受调查的人所说的乐器的名称。我想捕获每个乐器，因为它是自己单独的字符串。此列中的值范围从单个字符串（如吉他）到更复杂的答案：唱歌，鼓/打击乐，钢琴/键盘...等等，我尝试过类似的方法：
options <- strsplit(survey$instruments_list, "\\, | \\/ | ")
不幸的是，输出在几个字符串之间仍然具有/字符。
也是最后一个问题，其中一位受访者回答的答案冗长，令人难以置信，而且答案之间用多个空格隔开，我只想要乐器，而不是他们的生活故事。
任何建议将不胜感激，谢谢！编辑：dput（head（survey））的结果
structure(list(time_submitted = c("8/27/19 20:22", "8/29/19 12:15",
"8/28/19 19:33", "8/29/19 16:25", "8/27/19 15:40", "8/27/19 22:59"
), pseudonym_generator = c("Fake rapper name generator", "Fake band name generator",
"Fake band name generator", "Fake band name generator", "Fake band name generator",
"Fake band name generator"), pseudonym = c("Lord Los Angeles",
"Heroes War", "Puppets War", "West Magic", "Eller Angel", "Trace Stripes"
), sex = c("Male", "Male", "Male", "Male", "Male", "Male"), academic_major = c("Computer Science",
"Computer Science", "Math", "Computer Science", "Computer Science",
"Computer Science"), academic_level = c("Senior", "Junior", "Senior",
"Junior", "Senior", "Senior"), year_born = c(1994, 1997, 1996,
1999, 1998, 1986), instrument_list = c("Rap", "Guitar", "Guitar",
"Trumpet", "Piano/Keyboards, Ukulele", NA), favorite_song_artist = c("40 crew",
"Arctic Monkeys", "Avatar", "Ben Folds", "blink-182", "brian jonestown massacre / sarabeth tucek"
), favorite_song = c("Not Enough", "Arabella", "The Eagle Has Landed",
"Still", "She's Out Of Her Mind", "Seer"), favorite_song_link = c("https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uITuGZKljgQ",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jn6-TItCazo", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4p6GWewmTYQ",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShBzUK4rnI8", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krpm0v_486k",
"https://youtu.be/C-XT7DZsNP8")), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl",
"data.frame"), row.names = c(NA, -6L))
这个怎么样：
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
survey %>%
transmute(pseudonym, inst = strsplit(instrument_list, "[,/]")) %>%
filter(!is.na(inst)) %>%
unnest() %>%
mutate(inst = trimws(inst), plays = TRUE) %>%
spread(inst, plays) %>%
mutate_at(vars(-pseudonym), Negate(is.na))
# # A tibble: 5 x 7
# pseudonym Guitar Keyboards Piano Rap Trumpet Ukulele
# <chr> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>
# 1 Eller Angel FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE
# 2 Heroes War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 3 Lord Los Angeles FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE
# 4 Puppets War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 5 West Magic FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
将多种工具组合成一个类别并不难。我将采用您的其中一种乐器进行演示。
一种方法是使用case_when，也许这两种方法中的更直接/更直观：
survey %>%
mutate(instrument_list = if_else(grepl("Lord", pseudonym), "Electric Guitar", instrument_list)) %>%
transmute(pseudonym, inst = strsplit(instrument_list, "[,/]")) %>%
filter(!is.na(inst)) %>%
unnest() %>%
mutate(inst = trimws(inst), plays = TRUE) %>%
spread(inst, plays) %>%
mutate_at(vars(-pseudonym), Negate(is.na))
# # A tibble: 5 x 7
# pseudonym `Electric Guitar` Guitar Keyboards Piano Trumpet Ukulele
# <chr> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>
# 1 Eller Angel FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE
# 2 Heroes War FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 3 Lord Los Angeles TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 4 Puppets War FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 5 West Magic FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
survey %>%
mutate(instrument_list = if_else(grepl("Lord", pseudonym), "Electric Guitar", instrument_list)) %>%
transmute(pseudonym, inst = strsplit(instrument_list, "[,/]")) %>%
filter(!is.na(inst)) %>%
unnest() %>%
mutate(
inst = case_when(
grepl("\\bPiano\\b", inst, ignore.case = TRUE) ~ "Piano",
grepl("\\bUkelete\\b", inst, ignore.case = TRUE) ~ "Ukelele",
grepl("\\bGuitar\\b", inst, ignore.case = TRUE) ~ "Guitar",
TRUE ~ trimws(inst)),
plays = TRUE,
) %>%
spread(inst, plays) %>%
mutate_at(vars(-pseudonym), Negate(is.na))
# # A tibble: 5 x 6
# pseudonym Guitar Keyboards Piano Trumpet Ukulele
# <chr> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>
# 1 Eller Angel FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE
# 2 Heroes War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 3 Lord Los Angeles TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 4 Puppets War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 5 West Magic FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
另一种方法（如果您还有更多方法）是合并/加入框架。这样做的一个优点是它可以非常具体，并且包含非常不同的工具（其中regex可能比您要处理的更多）。一个缺点是它可能太具体了……例如，不会拼写错误或区分大小写。
gen_inst <- tibble::tribble(
~inst, ~newinst
,"Electric Guitar", "Guitar"
,"Electric Bass" , "Guitar"
,"Electric Piano" , "Piano"
,"Pipe Organ" , "Piano"
)
survey %>%
mutate(instrument_list = if_else(grepl("Lord", pseudonym), "Electric Guitar", instrument_list)) %>%
transmute(pseudonym, inst = strsplit(instrument_list, "[,/]")) %>%
filter(!is.na(inst)) %>%
unnest() %>%
left_join(gen_inst, by = "inst") %>%
mutate(
inst = if_else(is.na(newinst), trimws(inst), newinst),
plays = TRUE
) %>%
select(-newinst) %>%
spread(inst, plays) %>%
mutate_at(vars(-pseudonym), Negate(is.na))
# # A tibble: 5 x 6
# pseudonym Guitar Keyboards Piano Trumpet Ukulele
# <chr> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>
# 1 Eller Angel FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE
# 2 Heroes War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 3 Lord Los Angeles TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 4 Puppets War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 5 West Magic FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
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